Kajian terhadap Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Kesiapan Pegawai untuk Berubah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33701/jtp.v14i2.3078Kata Kunci:
identifikasi organisasional, kesiapan untuk berubah, komitmen afektif, manajemen sumber daya manusiaAbstrak
Lingkungan yang cepat berubah membuat organisasi dan individu di dalamnya harus mampu beradaptasi untuk melakukan perubahan. Perkembangan politik, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi, atau lingkungan telah memaksa organisasi publik untuk terus beradaptasi dengan keadaan yang berubah, sehingga organisasi berada dalam siklus perubahan organisasi yang berkelanjutan. Pegawai memiliki peranan penting dalam penerapan berbagai inisiatif perubahan yang ada di organisasi. Penelitian terdahulu mengakui peran penting kesiapan pegawai untuk berubah dalam mengimplementasikan perubahan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji beberapa faktor yang berkaitan dengan kesiapan untuk berubah seperti praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia berkinerja tinggi, komitmen afektif, dan identifikasi organisasional. Penelitian ini melibatkan 251 responden yang merupakan pegawai tetap pada salah satu Lembaga Pengawas dan/atau Pengatur di Indonesia. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan metode Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) dengan aplikasi AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia berkinerja tinggi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen afektif, identifikasi organisasional, dan kesiapan pegawai untuk berubah. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi praktisi di sektor publik tentang bagaimana meningkatkan kesiapan untuk berubah pegawai melalui pengoptimalan praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia berkinerja tinggi.
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Referensi
Ahmad, A. B., Straatmann, T., Mueller, K., & Liu, B. (2021). Employees’ Change Support in the Public Sector—A Multi‐Time Field Study Examining the Formation of Intentions and Behaviors. Public Administration Review, 81(2), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13275
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Alqudah, I. H. A., Carballo-Penela, A., & Ruzo-Sanmartín, E. (2022). High-performance human resource management practices and readiness for change: An integrative model including affective commitment, employees’ performance, and the moderating role of hierarchy culture. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(1), 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100177
Arnéguy, E., Ohana, M., & Stinglhamber, F. (2018). Organizational Justice and Readiness for Change: A Concomitant Examination of the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Identification. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01172
Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power of social life. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Boselie, P., van Harten, J., & Veld, M. (2021). A human resource management review on public management and public administration research: stop right there…before we go any further…. Public Management Review, 23(4), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1695880
Bouckenooghe, D., Devos, G., & van den Broeck, H. (2009). Organizational Change Questionnaire–Climate of Change, Processes, and Readiness: Development of a New Instrument. The Journal of Psychology, 143(6), 559–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980903218216
Budhiraja, S. (2021). Can continuous learning amplify employees’ change-efficacy and contextual performance? Evidence from post-merger Indian organization. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1144–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2020-0208
Craig, S. G., Hoang, E. C., & Kohlhase, J. E. (2022). Adoption of Technological Change in the Public Sector: Evidence From US States. International Regional Science Review, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221125692
Drzensky, F., Egold, N., & van Dick, R. (2012). Ready for a Change? A Longitudinal Study of Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies of Readiness for Change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2011.652377
Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2007). Organizational identification: Development and testing of a conceptually grounded measure. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320601088195
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.).
Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The Impact of Human Resources Environment and Organizational Identification on Employees’ Psychological Well-Being. Public Personnel Management, 51(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211001397
Hameed, I., Khan, A. K., Sabharwal, M., Arain, G. A., & Hameed, I. (2019). Managing Successful Change Efforts in the Public Sector: An Employee’s Readiness for Change Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(3), 398–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17729869
Kwahk, K.-Y., & Kim, H.-W. (2008). Managing readiness in enterprise systems-driven organizational change. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701398475
Li, H.-Y., & Yu, G.-L. (2017). A Multilevel Examination of High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.01032a
Li, X., Mai, Z., Yang, L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Human Resource Management Practices, Emotional Exhaustion, and Organizational Commitment – With the Example of the Hotel Industry. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(3), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2019.1664960
Li, Y., Liu, Z., Qin, K., Cui, J., Zeng, X., Ji, M., Lan, J., You, X., & Li, Y. (2021). Organizational trust and safety operation behavior in airline pilots: The mediating effects of organizational identification and organizational commitment. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102018
Lu, K., Zhu, J., & Bao, H. (2015). High-performance human resource management and firm performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(2), 353–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2014-0317
Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202
Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Development Review, 14(4), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019a). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019b). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Narbariya, S., Nayeem, M. A., & Gupta, R. (2022). Does HPWS amplify employees’ change readiness for digital transformation? A study through the “work-from-anywhere” prism. Personnel Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2022-0068
Neill, M. S., Men, L. R., & Yue, C. A. (2019). How communication climate and organizational identification impact change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-06-2019-0063
OECD. (2021). Public Employment and Management 2021. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/938f0d65-en
Olafsen, A. H., Nilsen, E. R., Smedsrud, S., & Kamaric, D. (2021). Sustainable development through commitment to organizational change: the implications of organizational culture and individual readiness for change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 33(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-05-2020-0093
Ouedraogo, N., & Ouakouak, M. L. (2018). Impacts of personal trust, communication, and affective commitment on change success. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3), 676–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-09-2016-0175
Park, J., Jung, D., & Lee, P. (2019). How to Make a Sustainable Manufacturing Process: A High-Commitment HRM System. Sustainability, 11(8), 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082309
Potnuru, R. K. G., Sharma, R., & Sahoo, C. K. (2021). Employee Voice, Employee Involvement, and Organizational Change Readiness: Mediating Role of Commitment-to-Change and Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership. Business Perspectives and Research, 227853372110439. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337211043962
Pynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations : A strategic approach. . John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
Qin, C., Wu, K., Liu, X., Liu, S., & Lu, W. (2021). The Effect of Job Security on Deviant Behaviors in Diverse Employment Workplaces: From the Social Identity Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147374
Saifulina, N., Carballo‐Penela, A., & Ruzo‐Sanmartin, E. (2021). The antecedents of employees’ voluntary proenvironmental behavior at work in developing countries: The role of employee affective commitment and organizational support. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT, 4(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.162
Shin, D., Garmendia, A., Ali, M., Konrad, A. M., & Madinabeitia-Olabarria, D. (2020). HRM systems and employee affective commitment: the role of employee gender. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 35(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2019-0053
Singh, R., Goel, G., Ghosh, P., & Sinha, S. (2022). Mergers in Indian public sector banks: can human resource practices ensure effective implementation of change? Management Decision, 60(3), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2020-1279
Sun, L.-Y., Samuel, A., & Kenneth, S. L. (2007). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558–577.
Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
Zarychta, A., Grillos, T., & Andersson, K. P. (2020). Public Sector Governance Reform and the Motivation of Street‐Level Bureaucrats in Developing Countries. Public Administration Review, 80(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13132
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Alqudah, I. H. A., Carballo-Penela, A., & Ruzo-Sanmartín, E. (2022). High-performance human resource management practices and readiness for change: An integrative model including affective commitment, employees’ performance, and the moderating role of hierarchy culture. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(1), 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100177
Arnéguy, E., Ohana, M., & Stinglhamber, F. (2018). Organizational Justice and Readiness for Change: A Concomitant Examination of the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Identification. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01172
Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power of social life. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Boselie, P., van Harten, J., & Veld, M. (2021). A human resource management review on public management and public administration research: stop right there…before we go any further…. Public Management Review, 23(4), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1695880
Bouckenooghe, D., Devos, G., & van den Broeck, H. (2009). Organizational Change Questionnaire–Climate of Change, Processes, and Readiness: Development of a New Instrument. The Journal of Psychology, 143(6), 559–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980903218216
Budhiraja, S. (2021). Can continuous learning amplify employees’ change-efficacy and contextual performance? Evidence from post-merger Indian organization. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1144–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2020-0208
Craig, S. G., Hoang, E. C., & Kohlhase, J. E. (2022). Adoption of Technological Change in the Public Sector: Evidence From US States. International Regional Science Review, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221125692
Drzensky, F., Egold, N., & van Dick, R. (2012). Ready for a Change? A Longitudinal Study of Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies of Readiness for Change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2011.652377
Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2007). Organizational identification: Development and testing of a conceptually grounded measure. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320601088195
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.).
Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The Impact of Human Resources Environment and Organizational Identification on Employees’ Psychological Well-Being. Public Personnel Management, 51(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211001397
Hameed, I., Khan, A. K., Sabharwal, M., Arain, G. A., & Hameed, I. (2019). Managing Successful Change Efforts in the Public Sector: An Employee’s Readiness for Change Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(3), 398–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17729869
Kwahk, K.-Y., & Kim, H.-W. (2008). Managing readiness in enterprise systems-driven organizational change. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701398475
Li, H.-Y., & Yu, G.-L. (2017). A Multilevel Examination of High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.01032a
Li, X., Mai, Z., Yang, L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Human Resource Management Practices, Emotional Exhaustion, and Organizational Commitment – With the Example of the Hotel Industry. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(3), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2019.1664960
Li, Y., Liu, Z., Qin, K., Cui, J., Zeng, X., Ji, M., Lan, J., You, X., & Li, Y. (2021). Organizational trust and safety operation behavior in airline pilots: The mediating effects of organizational identification and organizational commitment. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102018
Lu, K., Zhu, J., & Bao, H. (2015). High-performance human resource management and firm performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(2), 353–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2014-0317
Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202
Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Development Review, 14(4), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019a). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019b). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Narbariya, S., Nayeem, M. A., & Gupta, R. (2022). Does HPWS amplify employees’ change readiness for digital transformation? A study through the “work-from-anywhere” prism. Personnel Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2022-0068
Neill, M. S., Men, L. R., & Yue, C. A. (2019). How communication climate and organizational identification impact change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-06-2019-0063
OECD. (2021). Public Employment and Management 2021. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/938f0d65-en
Olafsen, A. H., Nilsen, E. R., Smedsrud, S., & Kamaric, D. (2021). Sustainable development through commitment to organizational change: the implications of organizational culture and individual readiness for change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 33(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-05-2020-0093
Ouedraogo, N., & Ouakouak, M. L. (2018). Impacts of personal trust, communication, and affective commitment on change success. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3), 676–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-09-2016-0175
Park, J., Jung, D., & Lee, P. (2019). How to Make a Sustainable Manufacturing Process: A High-Commitment HRM System. Sustainability, 11(8), 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082309
Potnuru, R. K. G., Sharma, R., & Sahoo, C. K. (2021). Employee Voice, Employee Involvement, and Organizational Change Readiness: Mediating Role of Commitment-to-Change and Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership. Business Perspectives and Research, 227853372110439. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337211043962
Pynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations : A strategic approach. . John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
Qin, C., Wu, K., Liu, X., Liu, S., & Lu, W. (2021). The Effect of Job Security on Deviant Behaviors in Diverse Employment Workplaces: From the Social Identity Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147374
Saifulina, N., Carballo‐Penela, A., & Ruzo‐Sanmartin, E. (2021). The antecedents of employees’ voluntary proenvironmental behavior at work in developing countries: The role of employee affective commitment and organizational support. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT, 4(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.162
Shin, D., Garmendia, A., Ali, M., Konrad, A. M., & Madinabeitia-Olabarria, D. (2020). HRM systems and employee affective commitment: the role of employee gender. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 35(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2019-0053
Singh, R., Goel, G., Ghosh, P., & Sinha, S. (2022). Mergers in Indian public sector banks: can human resource practices ensure effective implementation of change? Management Decision, 60(3), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2020-1279
Sun, L.-Y., Samuel, A., & Kenneth, S. L. (2007). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558–577.
Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
Zarychta, A., Grillos, T., & Andersson, K. P. (2020). Public Sector Governance Reform and the Motivation of Street‐Level Bureaucrats in Developing Countries. Public Administration Review, 80(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13132
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Feb 22, 2023
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Syafril, Z. (2023). Kajian terhadap Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Kesiapan Pegawai untuk Berubah. TRANSFORMASI: Jurnal Manajemen Pemerintahan, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.33701/jtp.v14i2.3078
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