EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE CIKARANG INDUSTRIAL ZONE, BEKASI REGENCY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v52i1.6460Keywords:
policy evaluation, hazardous waste, Cikarang Industrial Zone, Bekasi Regency, environmental managementAbstract
Bekasi Regency is one of the biggest industrial areas in Indonesia. There are 12 industrial zones, one of which is the Cikarang Industrial Zone. The rapid growth in manufacturing activities has led to a rapid increase in the Hazardous Toxic Waste (B3) volume from 285,791 tonnes in 2022 to 626,813 tonnes in 2024. Although there is a comprehensive regulatory framework, i.e. Law No. 32 of 2009, Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 and Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 6 of 2021, the implementation in the field still faces serious and persistent challenges. This study aims to evaluate the B3 waste management policy in Bekasi Regency and to identify the inhibiting factors of its effective implementation. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with seven informants (five selected through purposive sampling and two through snowball sampling), in-depth interviews, field observation, and document analysis as the data collection techniques. The analytical framework is based on William N. Dunn’s (2003) six-dimensional model of policy evaluation: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, appropriateness, responsiveness, and equity. The results of the study show that responsiveness is the only dimension that is relatively doing well. The other five dimensions are still sub-optimal. Three main inhibiting factors are budgetary and human resource constraints, persistently low industry compliance and weak coordination across levels of government in oversight activities. Based on these findings, the study recommends proportional increases in DLH budget allocations and inspection personnel, introduction of graduated and consistently enforced sanctions to strengthen deterrence, development of an integrated cross-jurisdictional digital oversight platform, and revision of Bekasi Regent’s Regulation No. 8 of 2012 to align with current national regulatory standards. Beyond its practical recommendations, the study contributes theoretically by illustrating how community co-production can partially substitute for formal state monitoring capacity in resource-constrained environmental governance settings.
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