DIALEKTIKA KEMISKINAN DENGAN DESENTRALISASI FISKAL PEMERINTAH PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT DAYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33701/jipwp.v51i2.6054Keywords:
angka kemiskinan, desentralisasi fiskal, tradisi budaya Papua, program pemerintah daerahAbstract
Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis kemiskinan di tengah desentralisasi fiskal di Papua Barat Daya serta kontribusi program pengentasan kemiskinan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, data dianalisis menggunakan reduksi, display, dan verifikasi (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan desentralisasi fiskal belum mampu menurunkan kemiskinan secara signifikan. Pada tahun 2023, realisasi pendapatan transfer sebesar Rp2,79 triliun hanya menurunkan angka kemiskinan sebesar 0,67% (dari 105.150 jiwa pada 2022 menjadi 104.440 jiwa). Penyebabnya adalah dominasi tradisi lokal dalam pengeluaran masyarakat dan alokasi belanja yang belum optimal dalam menyentuh kebutuhan dasar masyarakat miskin. Temuan ini sejalan dengan Williams et al. (2018) bahwa dampak desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pengentasan kemiskinan tidak bersifat langsung. Program pengentasan kemiskinan yang dijalankan antara lain: Perlindungan Jaminan Hari Tua (Paitua) untuk lansia, Pemberdayaan Pemuda Daerah (Papeda) bagi pengangguran muda, Jaminan Seribu Hari Kehidupan (Jambu Hidup) bagi ibu hamil dan balita, Beasiswa Generasi Emas (Gemas) untuk pendidikan dasar hingga menengah, Pendidikan Dokter (Prodikter) mencetak tenaga kesehatan lokal, serta Sekolah Sepanjang Hari (SSH) yang memperpanjang waktu belajar siswa. Implikasi kebijakannya adalah perlunya penguatan sinergi antara pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat adat agar program pengentasan kemiskinan lebih tepat sasaran dan selaras dengan nilai lokal.
Kata Kunci: angka kemiskinan, desentralisasi fiskal, tradisi budaya Papua, program pemerintah daerah
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