MODEL PEMBANGUNAN BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DALAM PROGRAM DESA MANDIRI: STUDI KASUS
Kata Kunci:
keberlanjutan pedesaan, ketahanan ekonomi, pembangunan berbasis komunitas, tata kelola, transformasi digitalAbstrak
Program Desa Mandiri (VIP) adalah model pembangunan berbasis komunitas yang bertujuan untuk mendorong kemandirian dan ketahanan ekonomi di masyarakat pedesaan. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas program dengan meninjau partisipasi komunitas, struktur tata kelola, dan faktor keberlanjutan melalui pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif berbasis data sekunder. Sumber data meliputi laporan pemerintah, literatur akademik, dan studi kasus dari LSM, yang dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi aktif masyarakat dan transparansi tata kelola berkontribusi besar terhadap keberhasilan program. Desa yang memiliki kepemimpinan kuat, akuntabilitas keuangan, dan diversifikasi ekonomi lebih cenderung mencapai keberlanjutan jangka panjang. Namun, tantangan seperti ketimpangan sumber daya, inkonsistensi tata kelola, dan keterbatasan infrastruktur digital masih menjadi hambatan dalam implementasi program di beberapa daerah. Studi ini merekomendasikan perbaikan kebijakan, transformasi digital, dan kemitraan publik-swasta sebagai langkah penting untuk meningkatkan hasil pembangunan pedesaan dalam jangka panjang. Penguatan transparansi keuangan, perluasan akses internet, dan pengembangan kewirausahaan pemuda diperlukan untuk mempertahankan dampak positif program ini. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam diskusi lebih luas mengenai model pembangunan berbasis komunitas yang dapat direplikasi, dengan menekankan pentingnya tata kelola lokal, inklusivitas digital, dan perencanaan ekonomi berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: keberlanjutan pedesaan, ketahanan ekonomi, pembangunan berbasis komunitas, tata kelola, transformasi digital
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Referensi
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Arintoko, A., Ahmad, A. A., Gunawan, D. S., & Supadi, S. (2020). COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: A CASE OF BOROBUDUR TOURISM VILLAGE AREA. INDONESIA. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 29(2), 398. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.2
Bich, P., Nguyen, H.-T., Tran, V. T., Trang, T., & Hoang, N. (2021). Current Path to Community Based Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province in Vietnam. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/ Egyptology, 18, 508–525. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353259975_Current_Path_to_Community_Based_Sustainable_Tourism_Development_of_Khanh_Hoa_Province_in_Vietnam
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Celata, F., & Sanna, V. S. (2019). A multi-dimensional assessment of the environmental and socioeconomic performance of community-based sustainability initiatives in Europe. Regional Environmental Change, 19(4), 939–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01493-9
Ćurčić, N., Mirković Svitlica, A., Brankov, J., Bjeljac, Ž., Pavlović, S., & Jandžiković, B. (2021). The Role of Rural Tourism in Strengthening the Sustainability of Rural Areas: The Case of Zlakusa Village. Sustainability, 13(12), 6747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126747
Daykin, N., Mansfield, L., Meads, C., Gray, K., Golding, A., Tomlinson, A., & Victor, C. (2021). The role of social capital in participatory arts for wellbeing: findings from a qualitative systematic review. Arts & Health, 13(2), 134–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2020.1802605
de Luca, C., López-Murcia, J., Conticelli, E., Santangelo, A., Perello, M., & Tondelli, S. (2021). Participatory Process for Regenerating Rural Areas through Heritage-Led Plans: The RURITAGE Community-Based Methodology. Sustainability, 13(9), 5212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095212
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Fouladvand, J., Ghorbani, A., Mouter, N., & Herder, P. (2022). Analysing community-based initiatives for heating and cooling: A systematic and critical review. Energy Research and Social Science, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102507
Han, H., & Gao, Q. (2019). Community-based welfare targeting and political elite capture: Evidence from rural China. World Development, 115, 145–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.010
Henderson, K., & Loreau, M. (2021). Unequal access to resources undermines global sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 763, 142981. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142981
John, R., Habib, I., Afif, D., & Niane, A. (2024). Training and Capacity Building: An Essential Strategy for Development at an International Research Center. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 1, 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p57
Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019). Community-Based Tourism and Sustainable Development of Rural Regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the Citizenry. Sustainability, 11(17), 4733. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733
Lubis, H., Rohmatillah, N., & Rahmatina, D. (2020). STRATEGY OF TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9, 320. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v9i2.22385
Muhtar, E. A., Abdillah, A., Widianingsih, I., & Adikancana, Q. M. (2023). Smart villages, rural development and community vulnerability in Indonesia: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2219118
Naku, D. (2020). Theoretical Perspectives on the Determinants of Effective Community Participation in Development Programs. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345308767_Theoretical_Perspectives_on_the_Determinants_of_Effective_Community_Participation_in_Development_Programs
Pawson, S., D’Arcy, P., & Richardson, S. (2016). The value of community-based tourism in Banteay Chhmar, Cambodia. Tourism Geographies, 19(3), 378–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1183143
Permatasari, P., Ilman, A. S., Tilt, C., Lestari, D., Islam, S., Tenrini, R., Rahman, A., Samosir, P., & Wardhana, I. (2021). The Village Fund Program in Indonesia: Measuring the Effectiveness and Alignment to Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 13, 12294. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112294
Putri, C. M., Argilés-Bosch, J. M., & Ravenda, D. (2024). Creating good village governance: an effort to prevent village corruption in Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(2), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2022-0266
Rut, P., Kurniatin, E., & Maksum, I. R. (2022). Journal of Governance and Public Policy Sustainable Strategy for Community-Based Drinking Water Supply (PAMSIMAS) Post Program In Rural Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v9i3.14629
Sudheer, A. (2021). INTEGRATED VILLAGE TOURISM FOR RURAL SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW OF VILLAGE TOURISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY OF KUMBALANGHI MODEL TOURISM VILLAGE. 7, 256–266. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352357390_INTEGRATED_VILLAGE_TOURISM_FOR_RURAL_SUSTAINABILITY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_A_REVIEW_OF_VILLAGE_TOURISM_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_THE_ENVIRONMENT_AND_SOCIETY_OF_KUMBALANGHI_MODEL_TOURISM_VILLAGE
Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105762
Tantoh, H. B., Simatele, D. M., Ebhuoma, E., Donkor, K., & McKay, T. J. M. (2021). Towards a pro-community-based water resource management system in Northwest Cameroon: practical evidence and lessons of best practices. GeoJournal, 86(2), 943–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10085-3
Teshome, E., Shita, F., & Abebe, F. (2021). Current community based ecotourism practices in Menz Guassa community conservation area, Ethiopia. GeoJournal, 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10179-3
van Haren, N., Fleiner, R., Liniger, H., & Harari, N. (2019). Contribution of community-based initiatives to the sustainable development goal of Land Degradation Neutrality. Environmental Science & Policy, 94, 211–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.017
WANG, D., CHEN, C., & FINDLAY, C. (2023). A review of rural transformation studies: Definition, measurement, and indicators. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(12), 3568–3581. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.038
Watini, S., Nurhaeni, T., & Meria, L. (2021). Development Of Village Office Service Models To Community Based On Mobile Computing. International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management. https://doi.org/10.34306/ijcitsm.v1i2.51
Wikantiyoso, R., Diyah, S., Sukanti Cahyaningsih, D., Sulaksono, A., Widayati, S., Poerwoningsih, D., & Triyosoputri, E. (2021). Development of Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in Kampong Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 9, 64–77. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.9.1_64
Zeho, F., Prabowo, A., Estiningtyas, R., Mahadiansar, M., & Sentanu, I. G. E. P. S. (2020). Stakeholder collaboration to support accountability in village fund management and rural development. 3, 89–100. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346579089_Stakeholder_collaboration_to_support_accountability_in_village_fund_management_and_rural_development
Zhan, W., & You, Z. (2024). Factors influencing villagers’ willingness to participate in grassroots governance: evidence from the Chinese social survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03574-5
Aisyaturrahmi, A., Nuswantara, D., Prastiwi, D., Bhilawa, L., & Md Daud, S. A. M. (2021). Transparency and Accountability of a Village Fund Management During COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability, 6, 189. https://doi.org/10.24191/ijsms.v6i2.15580
Arintoko, A., Ahmad, A. A., Gunawan, D. S., & Supadi, S. (2020). COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: A CASE OF BOROBUDUR TOURISM VILLAGE AREA. INDONESIA. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 29(2), 398. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.2
Bich, P., Nguyen, H.-T., Tran, V. T., Trang, T., & Hoang, N. (2021). Current Path to Community Based Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province in Vietnam. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/ Egyptology, 18, 508–525. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353259975_Current_Path_to_Community_Based_Sustainable_Tourism_Development_of_Khanh_Hoa_Province_in_Vietnam
Castro-Arce, K., & Vanclay, F. (2020). Transformative social innovation for sustainable rural development: An analytical framework to assist community-based initiatives. Journal of Rural Studies, 74, 45–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.11.010
Celata, F., & Sanna, V. S. (2019). A multi-dimensional assessment of the environmental and socioeconomic performance of community-based sustainability initiatives in Europe. Regional Environmental Change, 19(4), 939–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01493-9
Ćurčić, N., Mirković Svitlica, A., Brankov, J., Bjeljac, Ž., Pavlović, S., & Jandžiković, B. (2021). The Role of Rural Tourism in Strengthening the Sustainability of Rural Areas: The Case of Zlakusa Village. Sustainability, 13(12), 6747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126747
Daykin, N., Mansfield, L., Meads, C., Gray, K., Golding, A., Tomlinson, A., & Victor, C. (2021). The role of social capital in participatory arts for wellbeing: findings from a qualitative systematic review. Arts & Health, 13(2), 134–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2020.1802605
de Luca, C., López-Murcia, J., Conticelli, E., Santangelo, A., Perello, M., & Tondelli, S. (2021). Participatory Process for Regenerating Rural Areas through Heritage-Led Plans: The RURITAGE Community-Based Methodology. Sustainability, 13(9), 5212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095212
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Fouladvand, J., Ghorbani, A., Mouter, N., & Herder, P. (2022). Analysing community-based initiatives for heating and cooling: A systematic and critical review. Energy Research and Social Science, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102507
Han, H., & Gao, Q. (2019). Community-based welfare targeting and political elite capture: Evidence from rural China. World Development, 115, 145–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.010
Henderson, K., & Loreau, M. (2021). Unequal access to resources undermines global sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 763, 142981. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142981
John, R., Habib, I., Afif, D., & Niane, A. (2024). Training and Capacity Building: An Essential Strategy for Development at an International Research Center. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 1, 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p57
Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019). Community-Based Tourism and Sustainable Development of Rural Regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the Citizenry. Sustainability, 11(17), 4733. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733
Lubis, H., Rohmatillah, N., & Rahmatina, D. (2020). STRATEGY OF TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9, 320. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v9i2.22385
Muhtar, E. A., Abdillah, A., Widianingsih, I., & Adikancana, Q. M. (2023). Smart villages, rural development and community vulnerability in Indonesia: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2219118
Naku, D. (2020). Theoretical Perspectives on the Determinants of Effective Community Participation in Development Programs. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345308767_Theoretical_Perspectives_on_the_Determinants_of_Effective_Community_Participation_in_Development_Programs
Pawson, S., D’Arcy, P., & Richardson, S. (2016). The value of community-based tourism in Banteay Chhmar, Cambodia. Tourism Geographies, 19(3), 378–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1183143
Permatasari, P., Ilman, A. S., Tilt, C., Lestari, D., Islam, S., Tenrini, R., Rahman, A., Samosir, P., & Wardhana, I. (2021). The Village Fund Program in Indonesia: Measuring the Effectiveness and Alignment to Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 13, 12294. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112294
Putri, C. M., Argilés-Bosch, J. M., & Ravenda, D. (2024). Creating good village governance: an effort to prevent village corruption in Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(2), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2022-0266
Rut, P., Kurniatin, E., & Maksum, I. R. (2022). Journal of Governance and Public Policy Sustainable Strategy for Community-Based Drinking Water Supply (PAMSIMAS) Post Program In Rural Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v9i3.14629
Sudheer, A. (2021). INTEGRATED VILLAGE TOURISM FOR RURAL SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW OF VILLAGE TOURISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY OF KUMBALANGHI MODEL TOURISM VILLAGE. 7, 256–266. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352357390_INTEGRATED_VILLAGE_TOURISM_FOR_RURAL_SUSTAINABILITY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_A_REVIEW_OF_VILLAGE_TOURISM_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_THE_ENVIRONMENT_AND_SOCIETY_OF_KUMBALANGHI_MODEL_TOURISM_VILLAGE
Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105762
Tantoh, H. B., Simatele, D. M., Ebhuoma, E., Donkor, K., & McKay, T. J. M. (2021). Towards a pro-community-based water resource management system in Northwest Cameroon: practical evidence and lessons of best practices. GeoJournal, 86(2), 943–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10085-3
Teshome, E., Shita, F., & Abebe, F. (2021). Current community based ecotourism practices in Menz Guassa community conservation area, Ethiopia. GeoJournal, 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10179-3
van Haren, N., Fleiner, R., Liniger, H., & Harari, N. (2019). Contribution of community-based initiatives to the sustainable development goal of Land Degradation Neutrality. Environmental Science & Policy, 94, 211–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.017
WANG, D., CHEN, C., & FINDLAY, C. (2023). A review of rural transformation studies: Definition, measurement, and indicators. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(12), 3568–3581. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.038
Watini, S., Nurhaeni, T., & Meria, L. (2021). Development Of Village Office Service Models To Community Based On Mobile Computing. International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management. https://doi.org/10.34306/ijcitsm.v1i2.51
Wikantiyoso, R., Diyah, S., Sukanti Cahyaningsih, D., Sulaksono, A., Widayati, S., Poerwoningsih, D., & Triyosoputri, E. (2021). Development of Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in Kampong Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 9, 64–77. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.9.1_64
Zeho, F., Prabowo, A., Estiningtyas, R., Mahadiansar, M., & Sentanu, I. G. E. P. S. (2020). Stakeholder collaboration to support accountability in village fund management and rural development. 3, 89–100. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346579089_Stakeholder_collaboration_to_support_accountability_in_village_fund_management_and_rural_development
Zhan, W., & You, Z. (2024). Factors influencing villagers’ willingness to participate in grassroots governance: evidence from the Chinese social survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03574-5
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