DINAMIKA ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN DAN REFORMASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAHAN YANG DEMOKRATIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33701/jppdp.v18i2.5531Keywords:
Civil Society Organizations, Democracy, Policy Reform, Public Order, Freedom of AssociationAbstract
This study aims to examine the dynamics of governance related to community organizations and their impact on democracy more comprehensively in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. Data in this study are sourced from literature studies, document analysis, and comparative studies. Legal documents are used as primary sources, including Law Number 17 of 2013 and Law Number 16 of 2017, as well as various Joint Ministerial Decrees used by the government as the basis for disbanding mass organizations. This study shows that the development of mass organizations in Indonesia after the Reformation has shifted from the spirit of liberalization that emphasizes civil liberties to a pattern of stricter state control. The impact of this policy is evident in the declining quality of Indonesian democracy as indicated by the Democracy Index (EIU) score and the Freedom House report. The novelty of this study lies in combining legal-political analysis of government policies regarding mass organizations with their implications for economic development. This study offers a perspective on policy reform based on hybrid governance while encouraging state-civil society collaboration towards a more substantive and inclusive democratic consolidation.
Downloads
References
Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571.
Amnesty International. (2025). Erosion of Political Freedoms in Indonesia: 27 Years After Reformasi. Amnesty Report.
Bancin, M. H. (2011). Peningkatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan (Studi Kasus: Bandung Barat). Journal of Regional and City Planning, 22(3), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2011.22.3.2
Basniwati, A., & Saleh, M. (2022). Aspek Hukum Administrasi Negara Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Terhadap Pembubaran Ormas. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 10(1), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v10i1.1032
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
Camnahas, Antonio; Nahak, S. H.; Sihombing, Adison Adrianus(2022) Konstruksi Prinsip Kebebasan Beragama dan Diskursusnya di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Sejarah Walter Benjamin. Dialog, 45(2), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v45i2.640
Chaney, P. (2023). Civil Society Perspectives on Rights and Freedoms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. European Journal of East Asian Studies, 22(3), 193-228. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700615-02203005
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE.
Dahl, Robert A., 1971, Polyarchy, Yale University, London, diakses dari https://dispes.units.it/sites/dispes.units.it/files/all_pers/Dahl%20Poliarchy001.pdf
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE.
Djafar, Wahyudi. 2016. “Menegaskan Kembali Komitmen Negara Hukum: Sebuah Catatan Atas Kecenderungan Defisit Negara Hukum Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Konstitusi 7 (5):151-74. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk757.
Dramanda, Wicaksana, Syahrul Fauzul Kabir, and Asep Hakim Zakiran. 2024. “Presidential System and the Rise of Neo-Authoritarianism: The Failure of Constitutional Reform in Indonesia? Jurnal Konstitusi 21 (3):345-65. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2131.
Farmita, Artika Rachmi2024, Demokrasi Indonesia di Bawah 10 Tahun Pemerintahan Jokowi, Berita Tempo, Data, 16 Oktober, diakses dari:www.tempo.co/data/data/demokrasi-indonesia-di-bawah-10-tahun-pemerintahan-jokowi-246153
Firosa, M. A. (2019). Pembubaran Organisasi Kemasyarakatan dalam Perspektif Hak Kebebasan Berserikat Berdasarkan Konstitusi Negara Republik Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 2(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v2i2.2884
Flick, U. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative Research. SAGE
ohchr.org, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Human Rights Instruments, CORE INSTRUMENT, ADOPTED, 16 December 1966, General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI), diakses dari https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights
Habermas, J., 1989, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Hayes, Ben., Frank Barat, Isabelle Geuskens, Nick Buxton, Fiona Dove, Francesco Martone, Hannah Twomey and Semanur Karaman, (2017), On “shrinking space” a framing paper, Transnational Institute, Amsterdam,
Huntington, S. P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. Yale University Press.
Naila, Neysa., Shafina Imaniary, Aulia Ramadhanty, & Aniqotul Ummah. (2024). Tantangan Terhadap Stabilitas Politik dan Sosial Indonesia: Dampak Kontroversi Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v4i2.1974
Nino Citra Anugrahanto, Kurnia Yunita, 2025, Satu Dekade Tren Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia Menurun, Berita Kompas, Politik & Hukum, 05 Mar diakses dari: https://www.kompas.id/artikel/satu-dekade-tren-indeks-demokrasi-indonesia-menurun
North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press.
O’Donnell, Guillermo, (1998) “Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies”, Journal of Democracy 9/3, pp. 112–126, https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/horizontal-accountability-in-new-democracies/
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. SAGE.
Purnama, Hadi Rahmat, Rizky Banyualam Permana, and Arie Afriansyah. 2024. “Strengthening Indonesia’s Strategic Trade Management Regulation Against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction”. Brawijaya Law Journal 11 (1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2024.011.01.01.
Putnam, Robert D., 1994. Social Capital and Public Affairs, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 8 (May, 1994), pp. 5-19, https://www.benjaminjameswaddell.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/putnam-social-capital-and-public-affairs.pdf
Rahim, A., Al-Barbasy, M. M., Hermansyah, A., & Muksin, Z. (2022). The Urgency of the Muhammadiyah Youth Organization in Politics and Law in Jakarta. Society, 10(2), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.434
Rahmita, Ainuni; Al-Yamani, Zaky 2025, Jumlah Ormas di Indonesia Capai 550 Ribu, Jawa Timur Catatkan Angka Tertinggi!, Berita, Nasional, 28 April, diakses dari: https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1818269-jumlah-ormas-di-indonesia-capai-550-ribu-jawa-timur-catatkan-angka-tertinggi
Robet, Robertus, Meila Riskia Fitri, and Marista Christina Shally Kabelen. 2023. “The State and Human Rights under Joko Widodo’s Indonesia.” Cogent Social Sciences 9 (2). doi:10.1080/23311886.2023.2286041.
Sardoč, M., Deželan, T. (2025). Shrinking Civic Space. In: Encyclopedia of Diversity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95454-3_630-2
Scaramuzzino, G. (2023). Shrinking or expanding access to civic space? The consequences of hate speech, threats and harassment within Swedish civil society. Journal of Civil Society, 19(4), 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2023.2255693
Sundariwati, Ni Luh Dewi, (2024). “Judicial Activism: Between Protecting Constitutional Supremacy or Transitioning to Juristocracy: Judicial Activism: Diantara Melindungi Supremasi Konstitusional Atau Transisi Menuju Juristocracy”. Jurnal Konstitusi 21 (3):432-47. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2135.
V-Dem (2025), Democracy index by source, Indonesia, Our World in Data, March 17, 2025, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/democracy-index-eiu#sources-and-processing
Vandeginste, S. (2019). Ethnic Quotas and Foreign NGOs in Burundi: Shrinking Civic Space Framed as Affirmative Action. Africa Spectrum, 54(3), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039719881460
Vértes, S., van der Borgh, C., & Buyse, A. (2021). Negotiating civic space in Lebanon: The potential of non-sectarian movements. Journal of Civil Society, 17(3–4), 256–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2021.1994202
Zakaria, F. (1997). The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76(6), 22–43, https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/fzakariailliberaldemocracy1997.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Irfan Setiawan, Melianus Mesakh Taebenu

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).



