DINAMIKA ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATAN DAN REFORMASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAHAN YANG DEMOKRATIS

Authors

  • Irfan Setiawan Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0043
  • Melianus Mesakh Taebenu Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33701/jppdp.v18i2.5531

Keywords:

Civil Society Organizations, Democracy, Policy Reform, Public Order, Freedom of Association

Abstract

This study aims to examine the dynamics of governance related to community organizations and their impact on democracy more comprehensively in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. Data in this study are sourced from literature studies, document analysis, and comparative studies. Legal documents are used as primary sources, including Law Number 17 of 2013 and Law Number 16 of 2017, as well as various Joint Ministerial Decrees used by the government as the basis for disbanding mass organizations. This study shows that the development of mass organizations in Indonesia after the Reformation has shifted from the spirit of liberalization that emphasizes civil liberties to a pattern of stricter state control. The impact of this policy is evident in the declining quality of Indonesian democracy as indicated by the Democracy Index (EIU) score and the Freedom House report. The novelty of this study lies in combining legal-political analysis of government policies regarding mass organizations with their implications for economic development. This study offers a perspective on policy reform based on hybrid governance while encouraging state-civil society collaboration towards a more substantive and inclusive democratic consolidation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Irfan Setiawan, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri

Here my Profil & links: 

Email                            :  irfansetiawan@ipdn.ac.id

Scopus ID                    :  57885947600

Orcid ID                       :  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0043

WoS ResearcherID     : ABG-3474-2021

Mendeley profile        :  https://www.mendeley.com/profiles/irfan-setiawan5/

Researchgate profile : https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Irfan_Setiawan3

 

References

Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571.

Amnesty International. (2025). Erosion of Political Freedoms in Indonesia: 27 Years After Reformasi. Amnesty Report.

Bancin, M. H. (2011). Peningkatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan (Studi Kasus: Bandung Barat). Journal of Regional and City Planning, 22(3), 179-194. https://doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2011.22.3.2

Basniwati, A., & Saleh, M. (2022). Aspek Hukum Administrasi Negara Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Terhadap Pembubaran Ormas. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 10(1), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v10i1.1032

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.

Camnahas, Antonio; Nahak, S. H.; Sihombing, Adison Adrianus(2022) Konstruksi Prinsip Kebebasan Beragama dan Diskursusnya di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Sejarah Walter Benjamin. Dialog, 45(2), 151-166. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v45i2.640

Chaney, P. (2023). Civil Society Perspectives on Rights and Freedoms in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. European Journal of East Asian Studies, 22(3), 193-228. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700615-02203005

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE.

Dahl, Robert A., 1971, Polyarchy, Yale University, London, diakses dari https://dispes.units.it/sites/dispes.units.it/files/all_pers/Dahl%20Poliarchy001.pdf

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE.

Djafar, Wahyudi. 2016. “Menegaskan Kembali Komitmen Negara Hukum: Sebuah Catatan Atas Kecenderungan Defisit Negara Hukum Di Indonesia”. Jurnal Konstitusi 7 (5):151-74. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk757.

Dramanda, Wicaksana, Syahrul Fauzul Kabir, and Asep Hakim Zakiran. 2024. “Presidential System and the Rise of Neo-Authoritarianism: The Failure of Constitutional Reform in Indonesia? Jurnal Konstitusi 21 (3):345-65. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2131.

Farmita, Artika Rachmi2024, Demokrasi Indonesia di Bawah 10 Tahun Pemerintahan Jokowi, Berita Tempo, Data, 16 Oktober, diakses dari:www.tempo.co/data/data/demokrasi-indonesia-di-bawah-10-tahun-pemerintahan-jokowi-246153

Firosa, M. A. (2019). Pembubaran Organisasi Kemasyarakatan dalam Perspektif Hak Kebebasan Berserikat Berdasarkan Konstitusi Negara Republik Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 2(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v2i2.2884

Flick, U. (2018). An Introduction to Qualitative Research. SAGE

ohchr.org, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Human Rights Instruments, CORE INSTRUMENT, ADOPTED, 16 December 1966, General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI), diakses dari https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights

Habermas, J., 1989, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Hayes, Ben., Frank Barat, Isabelle Geuskens, Nick Buxton, Fiona Dove, Francesco Martone, Hannah Twomey and Semanur Karaman, (2017), On “shrinking space” a framing paper, Transnational Institute, Amsterdam,

Huntington, S. P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies. Yale University Press.

Naila, Neysa., Shafina Imaniary, Aulia Ramadhanty, & Aniqotul Ummah. (2024). Tantangan Terhadap Stabilitas Politik dan Sosial Indonesia: Dampak Kontroversi Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v4i2.1974

Nino Citra Anugrahanto, Kurnia Yunita, 2025, Satu Dekade Tren Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia Menurun, Berita Kompas, Politik & Hukum, 05 Mar diakses dari: https://www.kompas.id/artikel/satu-dekade-tren-indeks-demokrasi-indonesia-menurun

North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press.

O’Donnell, Guillermo, (1998) “Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies”, Journal of Democracy 9/3, pp. 112–126, https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/horizontal-accountability-in-new-democracies/

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. SAGE.

Purnama, Hadi Rahmat, Rizky Banyualam Permana, and Arie Afriansyah. 2024. “Strengthening Indonesia’s Strategic Trade Management Regulation Against Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction”. Brawijaya Law Journal 11 (1):1-26. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2024.011.01.01.

Putnam, Robert D., 1994. Social Capital and Public Affairs, Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 47, No. 8 (May, 1994), pp. 5-19, https://www.benjaminjameswaddell.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/putnam-social-capital-and-public-affairs.pdf

Rahim, A., Al-Barbasy, M. M., Hermansyah, A., & Muksin, Z. (2022). The Urgency of the Muhammadiyah Youth Organization in Politics and Law in Jakarta. Society, 10(2), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.434

Rahmita, Ainuni; Al-Yamani, Zaky 2025, Jumlah Ormas di Indonesia Capai 550 Ribu, Jawa Timur Catatkan Angka Tertinggi!, Berita, Nasional, 28 April, diakses dari: https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1818269-jumlah-ormas-di-indonesia-capai-550-ribu-jawa-timur-catatkan-angka-tertinggi

Robet, Robertus, Meila Riskia Fitri, and Marista Christina Shally Kabelen. 2023. “The State and Human Rights under Joko Widodo’s Indonesia.” Cogent Social Sciences 9 (2). doi:10.1080/23311886.2023.2286041.

Sardoč, M., Deželan, T. (2025). Shrinking Civic Space. In: Encyclopedia of Diversity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95454-3_630-2

Scaramuzzino, G. (2023). Shrinking or expanding access to civic space? The consequences of hate speech, threats and harassment within Swedish civil society. Journal of Civil Society, 19(4), 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2023.2255693

Sundariwati, Ni Luh Dewi, (2024). “Judicial Activism: Between Protecting Constitutional Supremacy or Transitioning to Juristocracy: Judicial Activism: Diantara Melindungi Supremasi Konstitusional Atau Transisi Menuju Juristocracy”. Jurnal Konstitusi 21 (3):432-47. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2135.

V-Dem (2025), Democracy index by source, Indonesia, Our World in Data, March 17, 2025, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/democracy-index-eiu#sources-and-processing

Vandeginste, S. (2019). Ethnic Quotas and Foreign NGOs in Burundi: Shrinking Civic Space Framed as Affirmative Action. Africa Spectrum, 54(3), 181-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002039719881460

Vértes, S., van der Borgh, C., & Buyse, A. (2021). Negotiating civic space in Lebanon: The potential of non-sectarian movements. Journal of Civil Society, 17(3–4), 256–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2021.1994202

Zakaria, F. (1997). The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76(6), 22–43, https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~lebelp/fzakariailliberaldemocracy1997.pdf

Published

2026-01-21