COMMUNITY-BASED DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN THE VILLAGE INDEPENDENT PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY
Keywords:
community-based development, digital transformation, economic resilience, governance, rural sustainabilityAbstract
The Village Independent Program (VIP) is a community-based rural development model aimed at fostering self-sufficiency and economic resilience in rural communities. This research analyzes the effectiveness of the program by examining community engagement, governance structures, and sustainability factors through a qualitative case study approach using secondary data. Data sources include government reports, academic literature, and NGO case studies, which were analyzed using thematic and comparative analysis. The findings highlight that active community participation and transparent governance significantly impact program success. Villages with strong leadership, financial accountability, and diversified economic activities show higher levels of sustainability. However, challenges such as resource disparities, governance inconsistencies, and digital infrastructure limitations hinder program implementation in certain regions. The study suggests that policy improvements, digital transformation, and public-private partnerships are essential for enhancing long-term rural development outcomes. Strengthening financial transparency, expanding internet access, and fostering youth entrepreneurship are recommended to sustain the program’s impact. This research contributes to the broader discussion on scalable community-based development models, emphasizing the importance of local governance, digital inclusivity, and long-term economic planning.
Keywords: community-based development, digital transformation, economic resilience, governance, rural sustainability
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References
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Rut, P., Kurniatin, E., & Maksum, I. R. (2022). Journal of Governance and Public Policy Sustainable Strategy for Community-Based Drinking Water Supply (PAMSIMAS) Post Program In Rural Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v9i3.14629
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van Haren, N., Fleiner, R., Liniger, H., & Harari, N. (2019). Contribution of community-based initiatives to the sustainable development goal of Land Degradation Neutrality. Environmental Science & Policy, 94, 211–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.017
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Wikantiyoso, R., Diyah, S., Sukanti Cahyaningsih, D., Sulaksono, A., Widayati, S., Poerwoningsih, D., & Triyosoputri, E. (2021). Development of Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in Kampong Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 9, 64–77. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.9.1_64
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Zhan, W., & You, Z. (2024). Factors influencing villagers’ willingness to participate in grassroots governance: evidence from the Chinese social survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03574-5
Aisyaturrahmi, A., Nuswantara, D., Prastiwi, D., Bhilawa, L., & Md Daud, S. A. M. (2021). Transparency and Accountability of a Village Fund Management During COVID-19 Crisis. International Journal of Service Management and Sustainability, 6, 189. https://doi.org/10.24191/ijsms.v6i2.15580
Arintoko, A., Ahmad, A. A., Gunawan, D. S., & Supadi, S. (2020). COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: A CASE OF BOROBUDUR TOURISM VILLAGE AREA. INDONESIA. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 29(2), 398. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.2
Bich, P., Nguyen, H.-T., Tran, V. T., Trang, T., & Hoang, N. (2021). Current Path to Community Based Sustainable Tourism Development of Khanh Hoa Province in Vietnam. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/ Egyptology, 18, 508–525. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353259975_Current_Path_to_Community_Based_Sustainable_Tourism_Development_of_Khanh_Hoa_Province_in_Vietnam
Castro-Arce, K., & Vanclay, F. (2020). Transformative social innovation for sustainable rural development: An analytical framework to assist community-based initiatives. Journal of Rural Studies, 74, 45–54. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.11.010
Celata, F., & Sanna, V. S. (2019). A multi-dimensional assessment of the environmental and socioeconomic performance of community-based sustainability initiatives in Europe. Regional Environmental Change, 19(4), 939–952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01493-9
Ćurčić, N., Mirković Svitlica, A., Brankov, J., Bjeljac, Ž., Pavlović, S., & Jandžiković, B. (2021). The Role of Rural Tourism in Strengthening the Sustainability of Rural Areas: The Case of Zlakusa Village. Sustainability, 13(12), 6747. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126747
Daykin, N., Mansfield, L., Meads, C., Gray, K., Golding, A., Tomlinson, A., & Victor, C. (2021). The role of social capital in participatory arts for wellbeing: findings from a qualitative systematic review. Arts & Health, 13(2), 134–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2020.1802605
de Luca, C., López-Murcia, J., Conticelli, E., Santangelo, A., Perello, M., & Tondelli, S. (2021). Participatory Process for Regenerating Rural Areas through Heritage-Led Plans: The RURITAGE Community-Based Methodology. Sustainability, 13(9), 5212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095212
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1838527
Fouladvand, J., Ghorbani, A., Mouter, N., & Herder, P. (2022). Analysing community-based initiatives for heating and cooling: A systematic and critical review. Energy Research and Social Science, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102507
Han, H., & Gao, Q. (2019). Community-based welfare targeting and political elite capture: Evidence from rural China. World Development, 115, 145–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.11.010
Henderson, K., & Loreau, M. (2021). Unequal access to resources undermines global sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 763, 142981. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142981
John, R., Habib, I., Afif, D., & Niane, A. (2024). Training and Capacity Building: An Essential Strategy for Development at an International Research Center. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 1, 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p57
Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019). Community-Based Tourism and Sustainable Development of Rural Regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the Citizenry. Sustainability, 11(17), 4733. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733
Lubis, H., Rohmatillah, N., & Rahmatina, D. (2020). STRATEGY OF TOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 9, 320. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish-undiksha.v9i2.22385
Muhtar, E. A., Abdillah, A., Widianingsih, I., & Adikancana, Q. M. (2023). Smart villages, rural development and community vulnerability in Indonesia: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2219118
Naku, D. (2020). Theoretical Perspectives on the Determinants of Effective Community Participation in Development Programs. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345308767_Theoretical_Perspectives_on_the_Determinants_of_Effective_Community_Participation_in_Development_Programs
Pawson, S., D’Arcy, P., & Richardson, S. (2016). The value of community-based tourism in Banteay Chhmar, Cambodia. Tourism Geographies, 19(3), 378–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1183143
Permatasari, P., Ilman, A. S., Tilt, C., Lestari, D., Islam, S., Tenrini, R., Rahman, A., Samosir, P., & Wardhana, I. (2021). The Village Fund Program in Indonesia: Measuring the Effectiveness and Alignment to Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 13, 12294. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112294
Putri, C. M., Argilés-Bosch, J. M., & Ravenda, D. (2024). Creating good village governance: an effort to prevent village corruption in Indonesia. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(2), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2022-0266
Rut, P., Kurniatin, E., & Maksum, I. R. (2022). Journal of Governance and Public Policy Sustainable Strategy for Community-Based Drinking Water Supply (PAMSIMAS) Post Program In Rural Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.v9i3.14629
Sudheer, A. (2021). INTEGRATED VILLAGE TOURISM FOR RURAL SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW OF VILLAGE TOURISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY OF KUMBALANGHI MODEL TOURISM VILLAGE. 7, 256–266. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352357390_INTEGRATED_VILLAGE_TOURISM_FOR_RURAL_SUSTAINABILITY_AND_DEVELOPMENT_A_REVIEW_OF_VILLAGE_TOURISM_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_THE_ENVIRONMENT_AND_SOCIETY_OF_KUMBALANGHI_MODEL_TOURISM_VILLAGE
Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability, 14(10), 5762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105762
Tantoh, H. B., Simatele, D. M., Ebhuoma, E., Donkor, K., & McKay, T. J. M. (2021). Towards a pro-community-based water resource management system in Northwest Cameroon: practical evidence and lessons of best practices. GeoJournal, 86(2), 943–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10085-3
Teshome, E., Shita, F., & Abebe, F. (2021). Current community based ecotourism practices in Menz Guassa community conservation area, Ethiopia. GeoJournal, 86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-020-10179-3
van Haren, N., Fleiner, R., Liniger, H., & Harari, N. (2019). Contribution of community-based initiatives to the sustainable development goal of Land Degradation Neutrality. Environmental Science & Policy, 94, 211–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.017
WANG, D., CHEN, C., & FINDLAY, C. (2023). A review of rural transformation studies: Definition, measurement, and indicators. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22(12), 3568–3581. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.038
Watini, S., Nurhaeni, T., & Meria, L. (2021). Development Of Village Office Service Models To Community Based On Mobile Computing. International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management. https://doi.org/10.34306/ijcitsm.v1i2.51
Wikantiyoso, R., Diyah, S., Sukanti Cahyaningsih, D., Sulaksono, A., Widayati, S., Poerwoningsih, D., & Triyosoputri, E. (2021). Development of Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in Kampong Grangsil, Jambangan Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 9, 64–77. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.9.1_64
Zeho, F., Prabowo, A., Estiningtyas, R., Mahadiansar, M., & Sentanu, I. G. E. P. S. (2020). Stakeholder collaboration to support accountability in village fund management and rural development. 3, 89–100. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346579089_Stakeholder_collaboration_to_support_accountability_in_village_fund_management_and_rural_development
Zhan, W., & You, Z. (2024). Factors influencing villagers’ willingness to participate in grassroots governance: evidence from the Chinese social survey. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03574-5
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2025-11-02
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