WOMEN'S RIGHTS AND BELIS TRADITION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LEMBATA, ALOR, AND SUMBA, EAST NUSA TENGGARA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33701/jppdp.v18i1.4976Keywords:
; Woman; Gender Equity Human RightsAbstract
This research examines belis as a marriage tradition in East Nusa Tenggara by comparing the belis tradition in three regions, namely Lembata, Alor and Sumba. The research focuses on the belis tradition, including the ritual system, the use of items used as belis, and the meaning of belis by the community. This research analyzes how the belis tradition forms a social norm that places women in a lower social class and strengthens the position of men in the family and social environment of the NTT community. Data collection in this research uses the literature study method by reviewing secondary data such as books, articles, journals, and all forms of reports that are in accordance with the issues raised. The results of this study show that the belis tradition has a major impact on the rights and position of a woman in the life of the NTT community. This research highlights how belis strengthens the position of men by placing men as the center of power and authority in the household and community, while women both in the household and social life will always be in a lower social class.
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References
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Minde, Josephine Joseph. 2015. “Analysis of Gender Roles within Chagga Households That Practice Ripe Banana Street Selling in Moshi Rural, Tanzania.” Developing Country Studies 5(8):9–16.
Nafi, Tien Handayani, Lidwina Inge Nurtjahyo, Iva Kasuma, Tirtawening Parikesit, and Gratianus Prikasetya Putra. 2016. “Peran Hukum Adat Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Di Kupang, Atambua, Dan Waingapu.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 46(2):233–55.
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Rodliyah, Siti, Andrik Purwasito, Bani Sudardi, and Wakit Abdullah. 2017. “Between Economic Burden and Cultural Dignity: Belis in the Marital Custom of the NTT Society.” Komunitas 9(1):92–103.
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Siddique, Haroon. 2018. “Workplace Gender Discrimination Remains Rife, Survey Finds.” The Gurdian. Retrieved June 10, 2024 (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/13/workplace-gender-discrimination-remains-rife-survey-finds).
Singh, Anuradha. 2023. “Gender Discrimination: An Overview of Literature.” Contemporary Social Sciences 70.
Susanti, Hetti, Arining Wibowo, and Trisno Tunggal Rahayu Wilujeng. 2015. “An Analysis Used In Belis Tradition In Anakalang, Middle Sumba.” Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa Dan Sastra 2(2):108–17.
Taris, N., and P. Kurniati. 2023. “Pria Di Manggarai NTT Aniaya Serta Bakar Istri Dan Anak, 1 Tewas.” Kompas.Com.
Tenenbaum, Harriet R., and Campbell Leaper. 2003. “Parent-Child Conversations about Science: The Socialization of Gender Inequities?” Developmental Psychology 39(1):34.
The Australia Indonesia Partnership for Health Security (AIHSP. 2023. Gender Equality, Disability, and Social (GEDSI) Profile In East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur: NTT) Province, Indonesia.
Tugu, R. R. 2023. “Sepanjang 2022, Ada 287 Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak Di NTT.” INews TTU.
Who.int. 2019. “WHO|Gender and Women’s Mental Health.” Retrieved June 9, 2024 (https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/).
Alami, Athiqah Nur, Sandy Nur Ikfal Raharjo, and Yuly Astuti. 2014. “Women and Food Security: The Case of Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.” Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Vol 3:4.
Ardin, Ambrosius. 2024. “Suami Bakar Istri Hingga Tewas Di Manggarai Terancam HukSuami Bakar Istri Hingga Tewas Di Manggarai Terancam Hukuman Mati.” Detikbali.
Badan Pusat Statistik. 2020. “Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak.” Percepatan Yang Tidak Bisa Ditunda. x–Xii.
Bembot, Laurensius, and Donatus Sermada. 2022. “TRADISI KAWIN TANGKAP DI SUMBA NTT PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT MORAL EMMANUEL KANT.” SAGACITY: Journal of Theology and Christian Education 3(1):70–78.
Bere, S. M., and D. Agriesta. 2021. “Suami Tega Aniaya Istri Karena Ditegur Terlalu Ngebut Kendarai Motor.” Kompas.Com.
Bere, Sigiranus Marutho. 2024. “Gara-Gara Pisah Ranjang, Pria Di NTT Aniaya Istri Dan Kedua Mertuanya.” Kompas.Com.
Bere, Sigiranus, Marutho, and Pythag Kurniati. 2023. “Polisi Tetapkan 4 Tersangka Kasus Kawin Tangkap Di Sumba Barat Daya, NTT .” Kompas.Com.
Blau, Francine D., and Jed DeVaro. 2007. “New Evidence on Gender Differences in Promotion Rates: An Empirical Analysis of a Sample of New Hires.” Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 46(3):511–50.
Bria, Yufengki. 2024. “Pria Di TTU Nekat Aniaya Istri Dan Mertua Gegara Pisah Ranjang.” Detikbali.
Cheryan, Sapna, Sianna A. Ziegler, Amanda K. Montoya, and Lily Jiang. 2017. “Why Are Some STEM Fields More Gender Balanced than Others?” Psychological Bulletin 143(1):1.
Connell, Robert W., and James W. Messerschmidt. 2005. “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender & Society 19(6):829–59.
Connell, Robert William. 2020. Masculinities. Routledge.
Eagly, Alice. 1987. “Gender Roles and Stereotypes.” Https://Family.Jrank.Org/Pages/686/Gender-Gender-Roles-Stereotypes.Html.
Eagly, Alice Hendrickson, Linda Lorene Carli, and Linda Lorene Carli. 2007. Through the Labyrinth: The Truth about How Women Become Leaders. Vol. 11. Harvard Business School Press Boston, MA.
Fina D. A.N. 2014. “Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Perspektif NTT.” Https://Www.Batukarinfo.Com/Komunitas/Articles/Kesetaraan-Gender-Dalam-Perspektif-Ntt.
Gasa, Frederik Masri, and Priskardus Hermanto Candra. 2020. “Relasi Perempuan Dan Laki-Laki Menurut Luce Irigaray.” Jurnal Harkat: Media Komunikasi Gender 16(2):117–26.
Huda, M. N. 2021. “Tak Terima Ditegur Saat Naik Motor Ngebut, Suami Hajar Istri Hingga Babak Belur Di Jalan Artikel InTak Terima Ditegur Saat Naik Motor Ngebut, Suami Hajar Istri Hingga Babak Belur Di Jalan.” TribunJateng.
Johnston, Karen. 2019. “Women in Public Policy and Public Administration?” Public Money & Management 39(3):155–65.
Kleden, Dony. 2017. “Belis Dan Harga Seorang Perempuan Sumba (Perkawinan Adat Suku Wewewa, Sumba Barat Daya, NTT).” Studi Budaya Nusantara 1(1):24–34.
Koenig, Anne M., and Alice H. Eagly. 2014. “Evidence for the Social Role Theory of Stereotype Content: Observations of Groups’ Roles Shape Stereotypes.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107(3):371.
Kuckartz, U., and S. Rädiker. 2023. Qualitative Content Analysis: Methods, Practice and Software. SAGE Publications.
Kumar, Avni, Mia Siscawati, Septiani Anggriani, Ratnasari, Nailah, and Juliet Willetts. 2023. “A Mosaic of Identities, Opportunities, and Challenges: How Intersectionality Shapes the Experiences of Female Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Entrepreneurs in Indonesia.” Asian Journal of Women’s Studies 29(3):385–412.
Kumar, Vinod. 2024. “Issues and Challenges of Women’s Rights.” Studies in Law and Justice 3(1):22–31.
Limahelu, Ziel Elizabeth, Izak Yohan Matriks Lattu, and Ebenhaizer Imanuel Nuban Timo. 2019. “Memahami Hubungan Simbol Keseimbangan Gender Dalam Rumah Adat Dan Tindakan Masyarakat.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 14(2):207–24.
MacKinnon, Catharine A. 1993. “Crimes of War, Crimes of Peace.” UCLA Women’s Law Journal 4(1). doi: 10.5070/L341017587.
Manzi, Francesca. 2019. “Are the Processes Underlying Discrimination the Same for Women and Men? A Critical Review of Congruity Models of Gender Discrimination.” Frontiers in Psychology 10:387234.
Mazrieva, Eva. 2023. “‘Kawin Tangkap’ Di Sumba, Tradisi Atau Kedok Merampas Hak Perempuan?” VOA.
Minde, Josephine Joseph. 2015. “Analysis of Gender Roles within Chagga Households That Practice Ripe Banana Street Selling in Moshi Rural, Tanzania.” Developing Country Studies 5(8):9–16.
Nafi, Tien Handayani, Lidwina Inge Nurtjahyo, Iva Kasuma, Tirtawening Parikesit, and Gratianus Prikasetya Putra. 2016. “Peran Hukum Adat Dalam Penyelesaian Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Di Kupang, Atambua, Dan Waingapu.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 46(2):233–55.
Nuwa, Theresia Christina. 2019. “Makna Belis Sebagai Mas Kawin (Studi Kasus Pada Pasangan Suami Istri Yang Menikah Dengan Menggunakan Belis Dan Tanpa Belis Pada Masyarakat Nagekeo, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur).”
O’Brien, K., T, W. Fitzsimmons, M. Crane, and B. Head. 2017. “Workplace Gender Inequality as a Wicked Problem: Implications for Research and Practice.” Academy of Management Proceedings.
Rodliyah, Siti, Andrik Purwasito, Bani Sudardi, and Wakit Abdullah. 2017. “Between Economic Burden and Cultural Dignity: Belis in the Marital Custom of the NTT Society.” Komunitas 9(1):92–103.
Rubin, A., and R. Babbie. 2017. Empowerment Series: Research Methods for Social Work. Cengage Learning.
Siddique, Haroon. 2018. “Workplace Gender Discrimination Remains Rife, Survey Finds.” The Gurdian. Retrieved June 10, 2024 (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/13/workplace-gender-discrimination-remains-rife-survey-finds).
Singh, Anuradha. 2023. “Gender Discrimination: An Overview of Literature.” Contemporary Social Sciences 70.
Susanti, Hetti, Arining Wibowo, and Trisno Tunggal Rahayu Wilujeng. 2015. “An Analysis Used In Belis Tradition In Anakalang, Middle Sumba.” Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa Dan Sastra 2(2):108–17.
Taris, N., and P. Kurniati. 2023. “Pria Di Manggarai NTT Aniaya Serta Bakar Istri Dan Anak, 1 Tewas.” Kompas.Com.
Tenenbaum, Harriet R., and Campbell Leaper. 2003. “Parent-Child Conversations about Science: The Socialization of Gender Inequities?” Developmental Psychology 39(1):34.
The Australia Indonesia Partnership for Health Security (AIHSP. 2023. Gender Equality, Disability, and Social (GEDSI) Profile In East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur: NTT) Province, Indonesia.
Tugu, R. R. 2023. “Sepanjang 2022, Ada 287 Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan Dan Anak Di NTT.” INews TTU.
Who.int. 2019. “WHO|Gender and Women’s Mental Health.” Retrieved June 9, 2024 (https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/).
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2025-11-02
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