A Study of Factors Influencing Employee’s Readiness for Change
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33701/jtp.v14i2.3078Keywords:
affective commitment, human resource management, organizational identification, readiness for changeAbstract
A rapidly changing environment requires organizations and individuals to be able to adapt to make changes. Political, economic, social, technological or environmental developments have forced public organizations to continuously adapt to changing circumstances, so that organizations are in a continuous cycle of organizational change. Employees have an important role in implementing various change initiatives in the organization. Previous research has recognized the important role of employee readiness to change in implementing organizational change. This study aims to examine several factors related to readiness for change such as high-perfomance human resource management practices, affective commitment, and organizational identification. This research involves 251 respondents who are permanent employees at one of the Supervisory and/or Regulatory Institutions in Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) method with the AMOS application. The results of the study show that high-performance human resource management practices have a positive and significant effect on affective commitment, organizational identification, and employee readiness to change. This research provides insights for practitioners in the public sector on how to increase readiness to change employees through optimizing high-performance human resource management practices.
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References
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Drzensky, F., Egold, N., & van Dick, R. (2012). Ready for a Change? A Longitudinal Study of Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies of Readiness for Change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2011.652377
Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2007). Organizational identification: Development and testing of a conceptually grounded measure. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320601088195
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.).
Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The Impact of Human Resources Environment and Organizational Identification on Employees’ Psychological Well-Being. Public Personnel Management, 51(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211001397
Hameed, I., Khan, A. K., Sabharwal, M., Arain, G. A., & Hameed, I. (2019). Managing Successful Change Efforts in the Public Sector: An Employee’s Readiness for Change Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(3), 398–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17729869
Kwahk, K.-Y., & Kim, H.-W. (2008). Managing readiness in enterprise systems-driven organizational change. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701398475
Li, H.-Y., & Yu, G.-L. (2017). A Multilevel Examination of High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.01032a
Li, X., Mai, Z., Yang, L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Human Resource Management Practices, Emotional Exhaustion, and Organizational Commitment – With the Example of the Hotel Industry. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(3), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2019.1664960
Li, Y., Liu, Z., Qin, K., Cui, J., Zeng, X., Ji, M., Lan, J., You, X., & Li, Y. (2021). Organizational trust and safety operation behavior in airline pilots: The mediating effects of organizational identification and organizational commitment. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102018
Lu, K., Zhu, J., & Bao, H. (2015). High-performance human resource management and firm performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(2), 353–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2014-0317
Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202
Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Development Review, 14(4), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019a). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019b). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Narbariya, S., Nayeem, M. A., & Gupta, R. (2022). Does HPWS amplify employees’ change readiness for digital transformation? A study through the “work-from-anywhere” prism. Personnel Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2022-0068
Neill, M. S., Men, L. R., & Yue, C. A. (2019). How communication climate and organizational identification impact change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-06-2019-0063
OECD. (2021). Public Employment and Management 2021. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/938f0d65-en
Olafsen, A. H., Nilsen, E. R., Smedsrud, S., & Kamaric, D. (2021). Sustainable development through commitment to organizational change: the implications of organizational culture and individual readiness for change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 33(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-05-2020-0093
Ouedraogo, N., & Ouakouak, M. L. (2018). Impacts of personal trust, communication, and affective commitment on change success. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3), 676–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-09-2016-0175
Park, J., Jung, D., & Lee, P. (2019). How to Make a Sustainable Manufacturing Process: A High-Commitment HRM System. Sustainability, 11(8), 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082309
Potnuru, R. K. G., Sharma, R., & Sahoo, C. K. (2021). Employee Voice, Employee Involvement, and Organizational Change Readiness: Mediating Role of Commitment-to-Change and Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership. Business Perspectives and Research, 227853372110439. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337211043962
Pynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations : A strategic approach. . John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
Qin, C., Wu, K., Liu, X., Liu, S., & Lu, W. (2021). The Effect of Job Security on Deviant Behaviors in Diverse Employment Workplaces: From the Social Identity Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147374
Saifulina, N., Carballo‐Penela, A., & Ruzo‐Sanmartin, E. (2021). The antecedents of employees’ voluntary proenvironmental behavior at work in developing countries: The role of employee affective commitment and organizational support. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT, 4(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.162
Shin, D., Garmendia, A., Ali, M., Konrad, A. M., & Madinabeitia-Olabarria, D. (2020). HRM systems and employee affective commitment: the role of employee gender. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 35(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2019-0053
Singh, R., Goel, G., Ghosh, P., & Sinha, S. (2022). Mergers in Indian public sector banks: can human resource practices ensure effective implementation of change? Management Decision, 60(3), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2020-1279
Sun, L.-Y., Samuel, A., & Kenneth, S. L. (2007). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558–577.
Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
Zarychta, A., Grillos, T., & Andersson, K. P. (2020). Public Sector Governance Reform and the Motivation of Street‐Level Bureaucrats in Developing Countries. Public Administration Review, 80(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13132
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Alqudah, I. H. A., Carballo-Penela, A., & Ruzo-Sanmartín, E. (2022). High-performance human resource management practices and readiness for change: An integrative model including affective commitment, employees’ performance, and the moderating role of hierarchy culture. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(1), 100177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100177
Arnéguy, E., Ohana, M., & Stinglhamber, F. (2018). Organizational Justice and Readiness for Change: A Concomitant Examination of the Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Identification. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01172
Ashforth, B. E., Harrison, S. H., & Corley, K. G. (2008). Identification in Organizations: An Examination of Four Fundamental Questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325–374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power of social life. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Boselie, P., van Harten, J., & Veld, M. (2021). A human resource management review on public management and public administration research: stop right there…before we go any further…. Public Management Review, 23(4), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1695880
Bouckenooghe, D., Devos, G., & van den Broeck, H. (2009). Organizational Change Questionnaire–Climate of Change, Processes, and Readiness: Development of a New Instrument. The Journal of Psychology, 143(6), 559–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980903218216
Budhiraja, S. (2021). Can continuous learning amplify employees’ change-efficacy and contextual performance? Evidence from post-merger Indian organization. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1144–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2020-0208
Craig, S. G., Hoang, E. C., & Kohlhase, J. E. (2022). Adoption of Technological Change in the Public Sector: Evidence From US States. International Regional Science Review, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221125692
Drzensky, F., Egold, N., & van Dick, R. (2012). Ready for a Change? A Longitudinal Study of Antecedents, Consequences and Contingencies of Readiness for Change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2011.652377
Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2007). Organizational identification: Development and testing of a conceptually grounded measure. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320601088195
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.).
Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2022). The Impact of Human Resources Environment and Organizational Identification on Employees’ Psychological Well-Being. Public Personnel Management, 51(1), 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260211001397
Hameed, I., Khan, A. K., Sabharwal, M., Arain, G. A., & Hameed, I. (2019). Managing Successful Change Efforts in the Public Sector: An Employee’s Readiness for Change Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(3), 398–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17729869
Kwahk, K.-Y., & Kim, H.-W. (2008). Managing readiness in enterprise systems-driven organizational change. Behaviour & Information Technology, 27(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290701398475
Li, H.-Y., & Yu, G.-L. (2017). A Multilevel Examination of High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(8). https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.01032a
Li, X., Mai, Z., Yang, L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Human Resource Management Practices, Emotional Exhaustion, and Organizational Commitment – With the Example of the Hotel Industry. Journal of China Tourism Research, 16(3), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2019.1664960
Li, Y., Liu, Z., Qin, K., Cui, J., Zeng, X., Ji, M., Lan, J., You, X., & Li, Y. (2021). Organizational trust and safety operation behavior in airline pilots: The mediating effects of organizational identification and organizational commitment. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102018
Lu, K., Zhu, J., & Bao, H. (2015). High-performance human resource management and firm performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(2), 353–382. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2014-0317
Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202
Mercurio, Z. A. (2015). Affective Commitment as a Core Essence of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Development Review, 14(4), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484315603612
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019a). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Mostafa, A. M. S., Bottomley, P., Gould‐Williams, J., Abouarghoub, W., & Lythreatis, S. (2019b). High‐commitment human resource practices and employee outcomes: The contingent role of organisational identification. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(4), 620–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12248
Narbariya, S., Nayeem, M. A., & Gupta, R. (2022). Does HPWS amplify employees’ change readiness for digital transformation? A study through the “work-from-anywhere” prism. Personnel Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2022-0068
Neill, M. S., Men, L. R., & Yue, C. A. (2019). How communication climate and organizational identification impact change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 25(2), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-06-2019-0063
OECD. (2021). Public Employment and Management 2021. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/938f0d65-en
Olafsen, A. H., Nilsen, E. R., Smedsrud, S., & Kamaric, D. (2021). Sustainable development through commitment to organizational change: the implications of organizational culture and individual readiness for change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 33(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-05-2020-0093
Ouedraogo, N., & Ouakouak, M. L. (2018). Impacts of personal trust, communication, and affective commitment on change success. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3), 676–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-09-2016-0175
Park, J., Jung, D., & Lee, P. (2019). How to Make a Sustainable Manufacturing Process: A High-Commitment HRM System. Sustainability, 11(8), 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082309
Potnuru, R. K. G., Sharma, R., & Sahoo, C. K. (2021). Employee Voice, Employee Involvement, and Organizational Change Readiness: Mediating Role of Commitment-to-Change and Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership. Business Perspectives and Research, 227853372110439. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337211043962
Pynes, J. E. (2013). Human resources management for public and nonprofit organizations : A strategic approach. . John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
Qin, C., Wu, K., Liu, X., Liu, S., & Lu, W. (2021). The Effect of Job Security on Deviant Behaviors in Diverse Employment Workplaces: From the Social Identity Perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147374
Saifulina, N., Carballo‐Penela, A., & Ruzo‐Sanmartin, E. (2021). The antecedents of employees’ voluntary proenvironmental behavior at work in developing countries: The role of employee affective commitment and organizational support. BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT, 4(3), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.162
Shin, D., Garmendia, A., Ali, M., Konrad, A. M., & Madinabeitia-Olabarria, D. (2020). HRM systems and employee affective commitment: the role of employee gender. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 35(2), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2019-0053
Singh, R., Goel, G., Ghosh, P., & Sinha, S. (2022). Mergers in Indian public sector banks: can human resource practices ensure effective implementation of change? Management Decision, 60(3), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2020-1279
Sun, L.-Y., Samuel, A., & Kenneth, S. L. (2007). High-Performance Human Resource Practices, Citizenship Behavior, and Organizational Performance: A Relational Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(3), 558–577.
Yousef, D. A. (2017). Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Attitudes toward Organizational Change: A Study in the Local Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(1), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1072217
Zarychta, A., Grillos, T., & Andersson, K. P. (2020). Public Sector Governance Reform and the Motivation of Street‐Level Bureaucrats in Developing Countries. Public Administration Review, 80(1), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13132
Published
Feb 22, 2023
How to Cite
Syafril, Z. (2023). A Study of Factors Influencing Employee’s Readiness for Change. TRANSFORMASI: Jurnal Manajemen Pemerintahan, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.33701/jtp.v14i2.3078
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