IDENTIFICATION OF CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS OF BEST PRACTICES IN PUBLIC POLICY AND SERVICES: SCIENTIFIC PROOF OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN SEVERAL DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

. This study aims to identify several scientific evidence of the process of concepts and applications of public policymaking and services based on scientific knowledge obtained from various practices in developed and developing countries. We get supporting data from various first publications on public policy and services in Indonesia and several other scientific contexts. We analyze under a phenomenological engagement involving a coding system, so that valid and reliable conclusions are drawn to answer the problem. Based on the analysis and discussion results, we can conclude that several essential components have been obtained whose language is the concept and application of policymaking in public has resulted in a variety of concepts and policies that follow the needs of the field, which are based on instruments and objectives. The best practice that we have been able to conclude includes anti-corruption policies limiting policies in Indonesia and narcotics policies, human rights and democracy, technology and science policies, and system policies that work in Indonesia. These findings will be helpful in the development of


INTRODUCTION
One of the most critical aspects of the theory and practice of public administration is public policy. Public policy is like the brain's function in the human body because it is one of the most critical components of public administration (Innes & Booher, 2010). Through this tool, the bureaucracy, the private sector, and the community begin to carry out all aspects of state and social life. Public policy is a fundamental tool for describing the relationship between government and society in organizations of all sizes, like a nation (Birkland, 2015;Debby et al., 2021). All state administration, development, and public service processes will begin with this general policy. Programs and activities carried out by the government, society, and nongovernmental organizations all start with public policy. Public services always intersect with government policies regarding managing resource allocation, regulating, and enhancing the community's social and economic well-being. A policy process's failure to recognize and fulfill this role is a failure. On the other hand, success in improving the public service itself will be encouraged by the success of the policy process through prudence, competency support, commitment, and accountability. This study aims to discuss concepts, best practices, and best examples of public policy from within and outside the country so that scientific studies can benefit from a fresh perspective on the best understanding and application of public policies (Oliver & Shapiro, 2010;Kusiani et al., 2021). Pülzl & Treib, (2017) said the success and failure of a policy would impact the wider community. A victory in implementing the public policy will significantly increase the image of a good government and simultaneously increase public trust in state administrators and vice versa. So, a policy analyst needs to ensure competent support from policy actors and strong political and public support to create a conducive environment for producing quality policies. Kraft & Furlong, (2019)  analysts need to have two essential competencies, namely analytical competence and political competence, so if the two are combined, it is expected to be able to encourage quality public policies and can be operationalized in the field, this will undoubtedly have an impact on service delivery. Better public. The same thing was also conveyed. He revealed that as state administrators, we are responsible for meeting the community's demands through quality public services. Therefore, as a policy analyst, you are responsible for creating policy products that put forward the interests of the general public or society at large, even though we realize that a policy cannot accommodate all interests (Borrás & Edquist, 2013;Sianturi et al., 2022). Ayuningtyas et al., (2021) realize that there are still many problematic policies in this country; for example, when the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia yesterday, the government only issued circulars that did not have permanent legal force following Law No. 12/2011. So that when it is implemented in the field, it is interpreted differently by each ministry, and if there is a violation, no firm action can be given. Therefore, it is the policy analysts' responsibility to advise policy stakeholders so that when the policy is implemented, it does not create bias in the field, especially when it relates to meeting community needs. Insani et al., (2021) explained that regarding the role of policy analysts in efforts to improve the quality of public services, a policy must be able to make it easier for the public to access services without discrimination and convoluted processes and can be enjoyed as a whole in every region. In this regard, several efforts can be made to improve the quality of public services, including; 1) Revitalization, restructuring, and deregulation in the field of public services; 2) Increasing the professionalism of public service officials; 3) Corporatization of public service units (Trisakti & Djajasinga, 2021).
Strategy Execution After a state strategy acquires authenticity; it should be carried out to get the expected effect. Haynes et al., (2016) formed the execution cycle as "those activities by open or confidential people (or gatherings) that are aimed at the accomplishment of goals set out in earlier arrangement choices." The plan above is vital because execution infers moves initiated by people, authorities, or the confidential area that lead to expressed objectives. These activities are endeavors to regulate and, indeed, affect society. The emphasis of consideration on strategy execution understanding occurs after a program is proclaimed victorious. In open arrangement studies, it is said that execution is not simply connected with the system for explaining political choices into routine methods through administrative channels. However, more than that, execution concerns struggle issues. Preferences, options, and who gets what from a strategy. In this way, it is not excessively offbase to say that strategy execution is a vital perspective in the whole arrangement process. A fundamental comprehension of execution is communicated by Bempah & Kanmiki, (2017) where execution is characterized as "finishing a task" and "doing a." In any case, the effortlessness of such a definition implies that strategy execution is an arrangement cycle that can be done without any problem.
The hypothesis of execution as an educational experience is a hopeful clarification of the speculation which expresses that execution is a developmental cycle. This execution cycle model is a component of a variant of the "hierarchical credulous execution, wonderful organization, a various leveled model" approach, conditions for progress (Thoben et al., 2017). Execution is viewed as less than ideal over the models referenced above in light of the suspicions about a unidirectional execution process; Execution as construction.
Loyens & Maesschalck, (2010) view the execution structure as an authoritative examination unit comprising hierarchical individuals with views on programs in light of their fundamental advantages. The execution structure incorporates a bunch of entertainers that are just connected with one execution structure. The execution structure approach leaves an accentuation on what is associated with the execution and dislikes the point of view of a hierarchical methodology that concerns hierarchical intricacy, self-chose members, variety of intentions and objectives, and variation to nearby circumstances where the execution happens (Cossentino et al., 2010;Sianturi et al., 2022). Loyens & Maesschalck, (2010) contend that the execution structure is conceptualized as a unit whose motivation behind the activity is explicitly coordinated to carry out a program; Execution as a result. De Bree & Stoopendaal (de Bree & Stoopendaal, 2020) expressed that the hypothesis of the execution cycle withdraws from some execution ideas which express that execution is not "placing strategy into impact, which accentuates disregarding the association between strategy creators and implementers. The concept of the execution interaction is a different unit of examination. The execution viewpoint is the information and practical information in the authoritative field possessed by strategy producers and implementers that empowers them to foster ways to deal with strategy execution. This execution point of view is typically claimed by specialists, not by any entertainer who participates in the execution cycle. A few execution concentrates on demonstrating how entertainers can carry out strategies with the conviction that their activities are as per society's objectives. The emphasis on strategy execution is to comprehend what occurs after a program is pronounced viable. In open strategy studies, it is said that execution is more than just worried about the component for interpreting political choices into routine methods through regulatory channels. However, execution concerns issues of contention, options, and who gets what from an approach (Gerston, 2014).

FRAMEWORK OF MIND
Conceptual Thinking Framework and Best Practices in Public Policy and Services includes three main elements, namely concepts, best practices, and application of best practices. Key concepts in this framework is Transparency and Accountability (Kurniawan et al., 2020). This concept includes the importance of building transparency and accountability in public policies and services. Transparency helps encourage public participation and builds public trust in government. Accountability helps ensure that governments are held accountable for their actions and decisions. Then, Inclusiveness that this concept includes the importance of ensuring that public policies and services cover all levels of society, including minorities and underrepresented groups. Inclusivity helps build a more just and equitable society (Chiva-Bartoll & Fernández-Rio, 2022).
Another framework is Public Participation. This concept includes the importance of involving the public in the decision-making process and implementation of public policies and services. Public participation can improve the quality of public policies and services and build public trust in the government. The best practices within this framework include the Capacity Building: This practice involves building the capacity of civil servants and government agencies in managing public policies and services. Capacity building includes training, skills upgrading, and performance development. The next framework is the Collaboration and Partnerships. This practice includes the importance of building collaborations and partnerships between government, communities and the private sector (McComas et al., 2010). Collaboration and partnerships help build community support for public policies and services and increase the effectiveness of the implementation of public policies and services.
The last Evaluation of Public Policies and Service. This practice includes developing a system of evaluating public policies and services to ensure that they are effective and efficient. Evaluation of public policies and services helps governments to improve their quality and performance and ensures that public policies and services are in accordance with the needs of the community. Best practice applications within this framework include Application of the Principles of Transparency and Accountability: This application includes the development of an effective reporting and accountability system to ensure that policies and public services are accountable. Ensuring Inclusivity in Public Policy and Services: This app covers policy development (Valle-Cruz et al., 2020).

METHOD
In this section, we will discuss methods of carrying out studies to identify concepts and best practice applications of public policy from various perspectives of scientific and experiential studies (Onwuegbuzie, 2012). The concept and application of best practice policies and services to the community is a study that provides a broad understanding from a theoretical point of view, so to prove this marketing, we have examined several scientific pieces of evidence from published literature sources on the application and concept of public policies and services. After getting the data, we analyze it using coding techniques, evaluating data, interpreting data, and drawing valid conclusions to answer problems (Hayes, 2013). We get data virtually by prioritizing publications released ten years ago, considering that since reform and democracy in Indonesia, public service has become part of reform indicators. So we can do this in descriptive qualitative, which we separate in the literature review report by providing a variety of scientific evidence from the application of scientific views and perspectives, both concepts and applications in the field. Electronic data search is used with keywords assisted by Google scholar. Among other things is how to carry out this study; we started with identifying problems, looking for data to analyze, and creating the final report (Suri, 2011).

Concept and Policy for the Minimum Service
In the context of decentralization, the Central Government has delegated specific governmental affairs to Regional Governments, transferring the responsibility for providing these services to the regions. However, the existence of the state as the highest institution formed from the consensus of the people in a particular territory, with certain constitutions and arrangements drafted and mutually agreed upon to regulate everyday life, is bound to limit autonomy in the implementation of these matters with the principle of regional freedom within a unitary state (Shill et al., 2012). The central government can direct how these things are carried out. It is common for the state to enact specific regulations for this purpose. This is because, fundamentally, the state owes its citizens in every region of the country the moral and legal responsibility of receiving services of a certain standard and quality through various regulations. Implementing Minimum Service Standards is one way to guarantee services of a certain standard and quality. It makes sense to use minimum service standards to accomplish various objectives. First, define the service in question clearly (Gaebler, 2014).
Second, it gives information that can be used to plan local community service delivery. Additionally, this data can be used as a benchmark for monitoring and evaluating public service performance (L' Abbé et al., 2013). The Central Government can also emphasize national priorities and services because of this standard. Lastly, estimating the financing requirements for services may rely on living standards. Setting service standards has advantages, but there are disadvantages as well, including the following: standards are either not prepared based on actual conditions or are ready with the incorrect interpretation of conditions, compromising the specific needs of service users and resulting in a lack of consistency and variety in services. Regions can also be bad for service users; the application of standards sometimes does not consider how different services are for others and how complicated they are; unfair evaluations of service quality IDENTIFICATION  can happen when unfair means are used, and different institutions' means do not work together. 1) MSS-based services are incorporated into the regional Strategic Plan and annually implemented through the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (Sarga, 2021).
The decentralization strategy in Indonesia has resulted in significant changes in the interaction between the central and local governments. Local governments cover all government functions save six absolute functions, and the central government can provide advice and oversight to local governments (Nurmandi & Kim, 2015). Given the extensive scope of local government responsibilities and to prevent local governments from ignoring the most basic services for residents, the central government established minimum service standards (MSS) for required government functions. Local governments will execute it. Each MSS comes with three (3) standards that address the minimum service standard, technical criteria, and budgetary rules for funding such services (Krause et al., 2019). Once implemented by the local government until 2014, it was known that the achievement of predefined MSS indicators was meager, with the implementation of 5 MSS sampled in 119 districts/cities known that MSS health met only two of the 22 indicators, MSS education did not meet all 27 indicators, Public Works and Spatial MSS only fulfilled 6 of the 21 indicators, MSS Social fulfilled only 4 of 7 indicators, and Settlements and Housing MSS has no single indicator. Only one of the orders and public orders MSS are fulfilled. The low success rate of MSS policy performance is due to several factors, including 1) the contents of the policy on the rules of follow-up were not formulated following the philosophy of MSS policy, resulting in a variety of shapes and characters minimum service types defined by ministries / non-ministerial offices; 2) poor understanding by local government officials; 3) technical planning and budgeting are challenging to implement; and 4) the local government budget const (Tambulasi, 2011).

Public policy instruments
Policy actors are the primary focus of the study of policymaking (Erikson, 2015). Policy actors are the determining factors of a policy in both individual and group approaches (Hersperger et al., 2014). The ability of actors to define, promote, and transform that determines the political agenda (policy) cannot be linked to objective values, even in a confrontational approach. On the other hand, policy actors are only representatives of the institutions in which they are located, in contrast to the institutional approach, which tends to assume that institutions determine a policy. According to Barca et al., (2012), the current approach to politics and public policy has taken a neutral stance throughout its development. It places actors and institutions as significant units of analysis that determine a policy, or what are referred to in the public policy literature as policy subsystems. For instance, the coalition advocacy approach assumes that the policy subsystem, which consists of broad political and government systems and is focused on specific areas and locations, is the best unit of analysis for studying policy processes (Montpetit, 2011).
Policy actors' beliefs significantly impact their actions in the policy subsystem. Sabatier says that while people have rational motivation, their inability to study and comprehend highly complex problems is a limitation. These cognitive constraints limit the individual's capacity to acquire and learn new information. Therefore, people use their belief systems to filter perceptions to simplify highly complex social events and issues. According to Howlett (Howlett, 2020), they have the propensity to filter and disregard information that goes against their beliefs and readily accept beliefs that align with their previous beliefs. Based on this, the Coalition Advocacy Framework (ACF) assumes that people have three levels of belief systems. The first is a deep core belief system that is connected to ontological and normative assumptions about human nature, relative value priorities like freedom and justice, relative value priorities like the welfare of different groups, whether the government or the market should play a role, and beliefs about who should participate in the decision-making process of the government (Kocakulah et al., 2016). Second, the application of deep core beliefs, such as perceptions of problems, general policy solutions, understanding the causes and effects of problems, and the order in which policies should be implemented.
Third, secondary beliefs (secondary core beliefs), specifically policy preferences and empirical beliefs regarding the substantive and territorial subcomponents of the policy subsystem, were essential. Policy participants' preferences or choices regarding government tools or instruments to achieve goals or their perceptions of particular local problems are examples of secondary beliefs (Giest & Mukherjee, 2018). Who Takes Part in the Policymaking Process? Through their participation in the various stages, the policy cycle connects various key players in the policy process. The term "actor" refers to people, organizations, and institutions involved in the policy process. It is a common belief that the government is the only entity involved in policymaking. Although the power to make final decisions and allocate resources lies with the government, numerous other actors also play a role in shaping public policy, frequently as part of a network on which the government relies to accomplish intricate policy objectives. Government: the power of coercion and social behavior control cabinet: monopoly on the supply of legislation and the location of power-very few individuals make decisions (Howlett, 2020).
Public servants give technical skills and policy recommendations. Political Parties: make relationships in exchange for political support. The media's role is to inform the public, spark widespread interest, and influence public opinion. Interest groups: strive to further the interests of its members, can wield tremendous power, and push policy networks to act independently and interpret legislation. The general public creates opinions, joins interest groups and coalitions, and obtains information from the media. What exactly are policy instruments? Policy instruments are tools that the government can employ to carry out policy objectives (Momani, 2013).

Tools to get the desired policy results
Spending, regulations, partnerships, information exchange, taxation, licensing, direct service provision, doing nothing, contracts, subsidies, and authority are all used policy instruments. The following are the goals of policy instruments: Achieve behavior change in individuals to Recognize social, political, or economic conditions (Capano & Howlett, 2020). Offer public services. The government's selection of policy instruments is primarily constrained by previous actions (the policy instruments the current government has used in the past). Financial, social, international, and cultural constraints are additional constraints. The most likely restriction is the political framework. The following are examples of policy instruments that the government can use: Taking no action: choose not to get involved. There may be no issues, financial constraints, or precedents for the government to choose inaction. Alternately, the issue might be information-based and self-corrective: influence individuals through communication, moral persuasion, and knowledge transfer (behavior is based on knowledge, beliefs, and values). Among the expenditure-based instruments, this is the least restrictive: Money (grants, contributions, vouchers, etc.) is used directly to achieve a goal. Regulation: The most widely used instrument/tool is the command and prohibition role played by the government was essential (Lambin et al., 2014).
It directs actions by defining norms and acceptable behavior or limiting activities: delivering direct service to achieve a result instead of working with citizens or organizations to accomplish goals. Education networks), financial and regulatory policy instruments are limited. International Influence: International pressure is now exerted on environmental, tax, and financial policies. These pressures increasingly emphasize alternative or policy instruments that complement conventional command-andcontrol legislation. Benchmarking: establishing requirements for industry co-regulation: allows for a lot of industry autonomy within apparent parameters laid out in a statutory framework.
Additionally, voluntary codes of conduct provide the same levels of protection as more conventional means of regulation while allowing for greater system flexibility and efficiency. Define specific conduct guidelines for an industry's interactions with customers. By adhering to the code, businesses voluntarily agree to uphold these standards. Businesses that break the code typically face penalties, which may include the following: having to pay a fine, being kicked out of the industry association, or announcing that they have broken the code and stating what they will do to settle a complaint are all options arranged for agreements: To remain a part of the community, organizations adhere to agreements that have been negotiated (Logar, 2010).

Basic best practices of public policy Anti Corruption policy
Every nation with a government is plagued by corruption. The bureaucratic structure of the government is synonymous with it. This cannot be avoided because the government still works in a hierarchical way to carry out the jobs and responsibilities of government employees (Bauhr & Charron, 2020). According to data from the Corruption Perception Index, Indonesia remains 96th out of 180 countries evaluated for corruption in 2017. Indonesia scored 37 on a scale from one to one hundred. This demonstrates that corruption is still rampant in Indonesia. Malaysia, on the other hand, is ranked 62nd, and Singapore, on the other hand, is ranked sixth. It is difficult for Indonesia to compete economically and in terms of corruption with its neighbors. Not only does corruption in the government bureaucracy affect the government, but it also affects the economy of Indonesia (Mikovits & Heckenlively, 2021).
The country's corrupt political system is the cause of its economic collapse, not the curse of resources. People have a hard time trusting the government when it is prone to criminal acts of corruption (Zeeshan et al., 2022). It is difficult for people to put their hopes for the welfare of society in the hands of the government. This will significantly impact the situation of the people, who are becoming less and less interested in the idea that corruption, fraud, and other criminal acts are commonplace in the government system. Poor people will become poorer, while rich people will become more affluent. What distinguishes the 2008 financial crisis from the 1998 financial crisis? In 1998, the Indonesian government fell apart. The people overthrew a president for the first time in history. There were numerous loopholes in the New Order government system, which prevented bureaucrats from committing fraud. The dual role of ABRI, in which members of the Indonesian National Military are permitted to become regional heads, is one policy with loopholes against criminal acts of corruption. In addition, the community's ability to monitor government performance is hindered by restrictions on personal freedom (Elbahnasawy, 2020).

Policy in Controlling Climate Change
Every nation strives for development by establishing a sovereign, unified, and prosperous population. The Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution mandates that the state provide citizens with a decent standard of living, a place to live, a healthy living environment, and access to education and health care services (Victor et al., 2022). This is consistent with Indonesia's constitutionally mandated active participation in all climate change agendas. International discussions also emphasized that national circumstances (including state conditions and capacities) and state sovereignty are considered when attempting to control climate change. The state provides direction and is obligated to ensure that environmental and social aspects are protected in the necessary development for people's welfare. Following the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilitiesrespected capabilities/CBDR-RC," Indonesia's commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and contribution are voluntary, full of responsibility, and tailored to each nation's capabilities (Victor et al., 2022).
As a nation that ratified both the Kyoto Protocol and the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Indonesia has participated actively on the international stage (Lau et al., 2012). Through Law Number 6 of 1994 Concerning Ratification of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Indonesian government ratified the Climate Change Convention and is a Non-Annex I nation. As a result, Indonesia is legally obligated. It has the right to take advantage of the numerous support opportunities provided by the UNFCCC or the UN Framework to accomplish the convention's objectives. The Bali Action Plan, which places importance on Indonesian forests through the implementation of the REDD+ scheme and the production of the IFCA (Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance) study, is another example of Indonesia's significant role at the international level. In 2007, Indonesia hosted COP-13 in Bali. Consensus on Policy Approaches and Positive Incentives for REDD+ in Developing Countries is included in the Bali Action Plan. This makes it possible to offer solutions to deforestation in developing nations so that it can be reduced while allowing them to continue their national development (Sengupta, 2019).

Policy on the problem of narcotics
The President of the Republic of Indonesia stated that Indonesia is in a drug emergency. According to research by the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), approximately 5 million people use drugs. In our nation, addicts use methamphetamine, ecstasy, marijuana, cocaine, and other substances (Idy et al., 2021). Damage (brain damage that is not guaranteed to be cured), market potential (drug abusers numbering fewer than 5 million, ensnared officials (all levels of society have indications of drugs, including officials/TNI/POLRI/BNN officers) /Prosecutors/Judges), loss of life and material (40-50 people per day), capital support, aid action (still controlling the maelstrom from within the prison), international network, prison network (60 drug networks). In the Jaya Drug Sea? According to the National Narcotics Agency, the sea route was the most common way for drugs to enter the country. Due to the increasing level of airport surveillance, the route taken in both official and illegal ports is taken. Crystal methamphetamine is smuggled by dealers, including using mirrors, milk packages, motorcycle engines, and tea packages (Saefudin & Hartiwiningsih, 2020).
Drugs are natural or chemical substances that can alter a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior when administered orally (by drinking, inhaling, sucking, or injecting) in terms of the various drugs. The President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, in a limited meeting to discuss the problem of narcotics on February 24, 2016, said, "I want steps to combat narcotics to be even more intense, even more daring, even crazier, more comprehensive and carried out effectively." integrated." The operational strategies for dealing with drug problems are (Lasco, 2020).
Prevention: Building community capacity and self-resilience in dealing with the harmful effects of drug abuse and illicit trafficking are essential. Eradication: Uncover and take action against drug crime syndicates by severely punishing and confiscating the proceeds of drug crime (Lajis, 2014). Rehabilitation: Recovering drug addicts from drug dependence/addiction to return to a healthy and productive life. There are six orders from the President of the Republic of Indonesia Declare war on dealers and drug networks. "But also the legal handling must be even tougher, even stricter on the networks involved." Close all loopholes for drug smuggling because these drugs have penetrated everywhere. "Close all smuggling related to drugs at entry points, both at ports and airports as well as at small ports in our country (Lanza et al., 2018).
The President asked that creative campaigns for the dangers of drugs be intensified, and this campaign primarily targets the younger generation. It is necessary to increase strict supervision of prisons so that prisons are not used as centers for drug trafficking. Regarding the rehabilitation of drug abusers and addicts, the rehabilitation program must run effectively so the chain of drug abuse can be broken entirely.

Human rights and democracy policy
Human rights can only be realized in a democratic government that respects and upholds the rights of every citizen, so democracy and human rights are intertwined. Amir asserted, "If you take it as an analogy, democracy and human rights are like two sides of the same coin; one side cannot only advance, but the two go hand in hand and complement each other. Human rights can only be realized in a democratic government that respects and upholds the rights of every citizen, so democracy and human rights are intertwined. Amir asserted, "If you take it as an analogy, democracy and human rights are like two sides of the same coin; one side cannot only advance, but the two go hand in hand and complement each other. It is possible to conclude that a nation's democracy determines how human rights are implemented. Amir also pleaded with people to avoid thinking of things that would jeopardize democracy and human rights. "Especially in Indonesia, where democracy and human rights are not balanced, irresponsible thoughts and parties must be avoided (Mutua, 2017).
In this discussion, Aspinall & Mietzner (2019) revealed several measurement results regarding Indonesia's democracy. Indonesia's democracy is at an alarming level, as shown by several measures of its performance. According to Arya's explanation, the data from Freedom House and The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) come to roughly the same conclusion: "Political corruption, discrimination based on religion and race, as well as political violence, are to blame for the decline in the degree of democracy in Indonesia. David Krisna Alka, on the other hand, is a senior researcher at the MAARIF Institute for Culture and Humanity who thinks that the process of democracy and the protection of human rights have a lot to do with the younger generation. Since the world of politics and democracy cannot be separated, yesterday's election ought to have been a significant moment for the younger generation to improve Indonesia's democracy, including changing the current political circulation, which is still dominated by the old political elite. Although the younger generation is driving change in Indonesia's democracy, political leadership regeneration is slow. David urged the younger generation to be concerned about Indonesian politics and human rights. This is the time for all of the young political generations in Indonesia to demonstrate their humanity, cleanliness, and political accomplishments for the benefit of the public (de Sousa Santos, 2017).

Innovation, science, and technology
The Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas held a National Seminar on "Science and Technology Development for the Advancement of the Nation" on Thursday (30/8) at the Bappenas Building, Jakarta, to better understand the significance of science, technology, and innovation in boosting the nation's competitiveness in the face of global competition and to solicit input from relevant stakeholders. Indonesia is anticipated to escape the middle-income trap and become a high-income nation in 2036 under the High Economic Growth Scenario (optimal scenario).
In addition, it is anticipated that Indonesia will have the seventh-largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2045. To meet this goal, Indonesia must grow at an annual rate of 5.7%. Naturally, this will only occur if the economic structure is strengthened and innovation-based growth acceleration is implemented. At each stage of national economic growth, the development focus of the time differentiates the roles that innovation, science, and technology play. Science, technology, and innovation focus on changing the economic structure in a more productive direction during the first phase, which runs from 2016 to 2025. Science, technology, and innovation will propel the manufacturing industry in the second phase, which runs from 2025 to 2035, by producing high-value export goods (Putera et al., 2022).
In conclusion, between the years 2036 and 2045, innovation and science and technology will contribute to the support of sustainable growth. Several policies implemented by the Indonesian government that aim to boost the country's competitiveness in the face of global competition are a positive response to industrial revolution 4.0. "Indonesia will boost productivity and directly contribute to national economic growth by increasing the role of science and technology," stated Minister Bambang. At the very least, there are eight ways to make Indonesia one of the Centers for Science and Technology Development and Innovation in Asia and the World and increase the role of science, technology, and innovation in national development, growth, and productivity (Surana et al., 2020).
The creation of a National Science and Technology System and the Innovation Fund 1. Strengthening institutional capacity and training in science and technology for human resources 2. Technology advancement based on cultural and regional potentials 3. Advancement of social-humanities research to promote society's productivity and innovation 4. Technology transfer by optimizing foreign direct investment (FDI) and the global value chain (GVC) 5. The establishment of the Triple Helix 6. The creation of a strategic-value supporting infrastructure for research and development (R&D) 7. The development of a supportive environment for emerging tech startups and technopreneurs (Surana et al., 2020).
Of the methodologies referenced, the Public Science and Innovation Framework and Development is the essential thing that should be claimed by a country that needs to develop in light of Science and Innovation. As a result, Indonesia should appreciate the House of Representatives (DPR) initiative to draft the National Science and Technology Draft Bill, which will serve as the foundation for future national science and technology development. The development of science, technology, and innovation can be carried out more systematically and integrated with the funding aspect thanks to the National System of Science and Technology Bill's legal cover. In order to improve human resource capacity and funding IDENTIFICATION  schemes, this policy must also be supported by synergies between the community, government, and business sectors (Calabrese et al., 2021).

Public Policymaking System in Indonesia
Most people think of public policymaking as a structured and logical way for the government to solve problems. However, does the actual "policy cycle" exist? Is it possible to talk about such a cycle in the context of Indonesia's complex policy challenges and political debate? The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of the policy cycle model in this setting and to provide a deeper comprehension of the actual policymaking process in Indonesia. From April to June 2017, this study on Indonesia's policymaking process was conducted for the Knowledge Sector Initiative (KSI) by the Policy Lab at The University of Melbourne and PSHK, the Indonesian Centre for Law and Policy Studies. This paper uses six examples of various policy process vignettes, consultation with Indonesian public policy experts, and academic and practice-based literature. The paper adds to the existing body of knowledge by focusing more on Indonesia's policymaking and implementation. Scholars and practitioners have criticized the policy cycle model, a sequential process in which policy is developed logically in response to a perceived problem. This model assumes that decision-making is purely rational (Sulistyaningsih et al., 2021).
Policymaking takes place in complicated political contexts where distinct phases of the policy cycle may be obscure, may overlap or be intertwined, or may even be absent entirely. On the other hand, scholars in Indonesia challenge conventional notions of a policy cycle by identifying the roles of actors at various levels-national and subnational-within and outside of government, as well as policy activities and decision-making patterns. This paper examines instances of policymaking in Indonesia by the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government and nongovernmental actors' contributions. The Civil Service Law, the management of traffic violation cases, the establishment of the minor claims procedure, the Law on Persons with Disabilities, the research procurement regulation, and the Village Law are the six selected examples of policymaking. The eightstep process from agenda setting to policy evaluation explains how policy activities matched and did not match the policy cycle. An agenda-setting phase at the beginning of the policymaking process is the most definite pattern in the examples. Media and civil society organizations appear crucial in raising public awareness of issues (Hill & Varone, 2021).
In these instances, policy analysis and formulation were more likely to be carried out by nongovernmental actors or the legislative branch, despite the widespread belief that the executive is in charge of this process. There needed to be more evidence that the government would investigate a problem before making a policy choice. Additionally, the most rational means of implementing a high-level strategy were rarely considered when designing policy instruments (Kraft & Furlong, 2019). Instead, the instruments were chosen before any policy analysis was done. Furthermore, internal government actors consulted with one another, or civil society organizations led public discussions with particular communities or stakeholders rather than citizens and the state. Coordination of policies did not always require the creation of a policy document. Our examples show that, rather than a single point at which policy decisions are made, there are many points at which decisions are made. These points represent the various "gates" a law must go through before becoming a policy. A law may only be fully implemented after Parliament, and the President have approved it. For instance, a policy may be implemented partly while the overall strategy stalls. Finally, our examples show little policy evaluation and monitoring except for nongovernmental organizations. The general policymaking process in Indonesia needs to be accurately described as a cycle supported by rational problem-solving. A more nuanced picture of policies should emerge from additional research IDENTIFICATION  into Indonesia's policymaking process. Understanding Indonesian policy networks could shed light on who is involved, how they use evidence, and how they can influence discussions and negotiations on particular issues (Cairney, 2019).

CONCLUSION
After a series of reviews and obtaining results followed by discussion, we can finally conclude that the process of identifying concepts and applying best practices to public policies and services related to identifying several scientific evidence in both developed and developing countries has resulted in several important points, including that concepts and policies that the state must give to its people must be regulated based on considerations of purpose and cause and effect. Furthermore, public services still have an instrument of any factors that will impact both individually and collectively so that government institutions provide services that still follow the needs and results of very in-depth studies. Furthermore, we found out how the policy results followed the expectations and desires of existing regulatory demands, which took into account the socio-political aspects and the order of a regulation that was produced. Likewise, in terms of several specific policies that are best practice in Indonesia, including policies on anticorruption, policies on the environment and its maintenance, then policies on reducing drugs, and policies on democracy and human rights, as well as technological policies that innovate science, and lastly we find that the process of public policymaking systems problems based on logic following the problems to be solved so that the policy provides a challenge both politically and in other debates so that the policy product is genuinely adapted to the context and the principle of benefit. These are, among other things, the summary results that we have obtained from a series of field scientific analyzes by Putri on public policy and services in the country.